Doctorado
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551013
Colección de Tesis presentadas por alumnos para obtener un Doctorado del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
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- Understanding farm household-level decision making: the vaquerias case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-12-01) González-Ramírez, óscar A.; Vega Gutierrez, Juan D.; Laszlo, Alexander; Pérez Torres Lara, Sol Elvira; Ibarra, AlejandroEn una situación de recursos limitados y de incertidumbre climática y económica, típica de las empresas agrícolas, un enfoque de sistemas podría ser necesario para construir adecuados apoyos para tomar decisiones. Sin embargo, muy poco se ha estudiado sobre la forma en que los agricultores toman decisiones En este trabajo se construyó un modelo de Programación Lineal Etnográfica (PLE) que representa un típico sistema agrícola de las granjas de la región; se simularon diferentes escenarios, usando insumos provenientes de modelos que simulan el crecimiento de cultivos, y se usaron esos escenarios para compararlos con la decisiones tomadas por los agricultores. Todo esto para tratar de identificar, entender y aprender sobre los principales criterios que rigen la toma de decisiones. Los resultados incluyen la descripción del medio ambiente actual en el que se toman las decisiones, después de la experiencia del llamado “Proyecto Vaquerías”; un modelo de PLE de la típica granja del exejido Vaquerías, y una propuesta de rotación de cultivos que maximiza el ingreso familiar anual. Usando de manera secuencial los modelos que simulan el crecimiento de cultivos y el modelo de Programación Lineal Etnográfica que simula la economía de la granja, se logró imitar el sistema de manera realista. Se encontró que los conceptos de “Seguridad” y “Riesgo” en vi un ambiente incierto, y prioridades personales (como disponer de tiempo libre), tenían mucho más peso en la toma de decisiones que la búsqueda de maximización del ingreso. Se propone la participación activa de las Universidades en la formación de grupos de aprendizaje y en la búsqueda de estrategias apropiadas para el entrenamiento de técnicos y líderes comunitarios, en el desarrollo de habilidades computacionales, para el uso de modelos útiles para la toma de decisiones en las empresas agrícolas.
- Toward a group empowerment model in mexican organizations : A structural equation modeling approach(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-01-01) Mendoza Gómez, Joel; Flores Zambada, Ricardo; Villanueva Sánchez, Carlos A.; García-Calderón Díaz, Luis; Ibarra Yunez, AlejandroA model of group empowerment within the context of Mexican organization is proposed and empirically tested. Studying groups in the workplace has attracted increasing attention during the last years from academics and practitioners. The construct of group empowerment has been scarcely studied; however, group motivation is a crucial element for the group effectiveness. The study of group motivation has not completely covered the process through which group empowerment is generated. Social values and norms are elements that might influence this process. Additionally, there is no reported study of group empowerment in the Mexican organization context. In the theoretical perspective of work group effectiveness, a series of variables are conceived as causes of group effectiveness. Thus, the proposed model in a heuristic way describes a series of hypothesized relationships among the variables incorporated. Therefore, the proposed model includes variables from the organizational context, group V structure and group processes, such as: group mental model, group coordination, and group membership. Group empowerment that includes six dimensions: potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, impact, group trust, and group affective tone. Group effectiveness, conceived as performance outcomes, such as: productivity, proactivity, and customer service; then, conceived as attitudinal results: group satisfaction, teamwork, and team commitment. Five organizations from Monterrey, Mexico gave their authorization to apply all the instruments designed to measure the variables of the study and recollect the information from their employees. Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach of structural equations modeling is utilized to prove the hypotheses proposed. Results of the study expand the conceptual work in group empowerment and contribute to the work group effectiveness stream of theory. Additionally, results provide information that can be utilized to design more effective work groups in the context of Mexican organizations.
- Explaining the Time Series and Cross-Section Variations of Returns: The Mexican Stock Market-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-06-01) Velarde Chapa, Jorge E.; Dr.Sheridan Titman; Roberto Santillán Salgado; Alejandro Fonseca RamírezThe main objective of this dissertation is to propose an Asset Pricing Model that identifies the risk factors explaining the time series and cross-section variations in the returns of the Mexican Stock Market. This analysis sheds a deeper understanding about the behavior of the returns in the Mexican Stock Market, provides foreign and local investors with new elements in order to better identify attractive investments and will enable portfolio managers to enhance their analysis when determining the optimal degree of risk exposure. The CAPM, Multi-Factor Pricing Model and the Characteristic Model were tested; grouping the stock returns according to the market betas, size and book-to-market value. The sample covered a time period from 1987 to 2001, divided in sub-periods, to evaluate the economic and financial shocks, the opening of Mexico's economy through trade agreements, and vi the Mexican financial deregulation. The results suggest that the CAPM and MultiFactor Pricing Model that include the risk factors identified by Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) and Fama and French (1993), do not explain the time series and cross-section variations of the Mexican Stock returns. When testing different risk factors and the portfolios are constructed by market betas then the excess market return, the default risk and the U.S. real interest rate can better explain cross-section variations of the average returns between 1987 and 2001. But, when the portfolios are formed according to the market size and book-to-market value, the evidence found sustains that variations in returns are captured by different risk factors according to different business conditions. From 1987 until 1994, the excess market return, size mimicking portfolio, book-to-market mimicking portfolio and exchange rate give a better explanation for the variation of the average returns. Furthermore, from 1995 until 2001, the excess market return, size mimicking portfolio, book-to-market mimicking portfolio and the default risk offer a better explanation. The evidence presented to test the Characteristic Model was not sufficient in order to discriminate between a Factor or Characteristic Model. Nonetheless, since this may be the first study which tests the model in the Mexican Stock Market, I proposed some future lines of research in this area.
- Childrení skepticism toward television advertising(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-08-01) González García, Silvia; D. Hoyer, Wayne; A. Peterson, Robert; R. Martinez, Carlos; Ibarra Yunez, AlejandroThe aims of this work were to explore whether children exhibit skepticism toward televsion advertising and to examine the possible influence of socialization agents such as family, peers, and media on children's skepticism toward television advertising using socialization theory as a framework. Skepticism was defined as a tendency to disbelieve advertising claims. Advertising skepticism was conceptualized as an outcome of a socialization process. Specifically, the study investigated whether children from 8 to 12 years of age exhibit skepticism toward advertisng. Additionally, parents' skepticism, the type of family communication (socio-oriented versus concept-oriented communication), children's susceptibility to peer influence (susceptibility to informational versus normative peer influence), and the extent of television viewing were investigated regarding the relationship to children's skepticism toward television advertising. In order to shed light on the relationship among these variables, children's market knowledge was assessed as a possible mediator of the effects of socialization agents on children's skepticism. Demographic data (age, gender, type of school, socioeconomic status, number of children, birth order, amount of allowance, and source of the money) were also investigated as possible covariates of skepticism toward television advertising. Two studies were conducted with children from 8 to 12 years old and their parents. In Study 1 participants were 221 children, and in Study 2 participants were 662 children and 251 parents. The results shown evidence of increasing skepticism toward advertising in children from 8 to 12 years of age. A significant relationship was found between television viewing behavior and children's skepticism toward television advertising. To our knowledge this is the first study of children's skepticism toward advertising conducted in Mexico.