Doctorado
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551013
Colección de Tesis presentadas por alumnos para obtener un Doctorado del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
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- Establishing Manufacturing Subsidiaries Abroad: The Influence of Interaction Capacity on Technology Transfer-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2007-12-01) Hartmann, Andreas Michael; Dr. Bryan W.Husted; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra Yúnez; Dr Allain JolyThis study combines the knowledge-based and the capability views of the firm for building and testing a model of technology transfer between units of multinational corporations (MNCs). Within the model, the technology to be transferred is presented as organizational knowledge, which is partially tacit, distributed, and embedded in a social context. The transfer process can be carried out more or less efficient depending on a firms transfer capability, which is decomposed into the sending units emissive capacity, the dyads interactive communication capacity, the receiving units absorptive capacity, and the receiving units local adaptation capacity. The empirical study focuses on interaction capacity and seeks to identify those organizational practices that speed up or slow down the transfer process. The transfer event under study is the setup of manufacturing facilities by MNCs. The dependent variable was the time required for setting up a new manufacturing subsidiary. Different versions of the dependent variable were defined by the milestones of start of construction, arrival of machines, first v shipment, full capacity, and corporate-level productivity. The sample consisted of the manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNCs set up in the Northeast Mexican state of Nuevo Léon that started operations between 1998 and 2007. Data were gathered through a survey applied to the focal subsidiaries managers. A general finding of the study was that setup times differed by a ratio of up to 1:100. Subsidiary size was not found to be relevant, but complexity was. The mathematical model for analyzing the data was a moderated regression analysis, where four different indicators of the difficulty of the transfer task were used to make the transfer events comparable among each other: supplier diversity, documentation, teachability, and interunit similarity. Supplier diversity made the initial phase of the setup process especially difficult. Contrary to the literature on knowledge codification, documentation of technology was found to be helpful only when combined with face-to-face communication. Teachability proved to be the most reliable indicator of the difficulty of the transfer task. The fourth moderator, namely interunit similarity, showed that firms that replicated an existing organizational structure had an easier task for the initial phase of the setup. Six main hypotheses were tested in the study. H1 posited a positive effect of interunit communication on transfer efficiency. With frequency of incoming visits as independent variable, H1 was confirmed for all phases, while more expatriates were only helpful in the ramp-up phase. H2 concerned the difference between mediated and face-to-face communication. The data not only confirmed H2 but showed a reverse causality in the sense that phone communication increased when the setup was slow, but did not improve the process. H3 predicted a positive effect of interunit trust on transfer efficiency, which was found only for the less well defined tasks within the setup process and when trust had had time to evolve. H4 vi posited that a buyer-supplier relationship between the sending unit and the receiving unit would help with setup performance, but was not confirmed. To the contrary, new subsidiaries that depended on their MNCs as suppliers took longer for their setup processes. H5 concerned the MNC's host country experience, which was found to be significant for the less structured tasks within the setup process. Finally, H6 predicted that the general manager's setup experience would have a positive effect on transfer times. This effect was found for the ramp-up phase when the technology was easily teachable. Furthermore, host country nationals as general managers had an advantage for starting and ramping up when technology was not too complex; in all other cases, foreign experts achieved higher performances. The study discusses the implications of these findings for management theory and MNC practice and presents suggestions for further research.
- The effects of managerial discretion and corporate control variables on the choice of an IPO common equity structure(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2007-05-01) Serrano Salazar, Carlos; Serrano Salazar, Carlos; 38979
- Understanding farm household-level decision making: the vaquerias case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-12-01) González-Ramírez, óscar A.; Vega Gutierrez, Juan D.; Laszlo, Alexander; Pérez Torres Lara, Sol Elvira; Ibarra, AlejandroEn una situación de recursos limitados y de incertidumbre climática y económica, típica de las empresas agrícolas, un enfoque de sistemas podría ser necesario para construir adecuados apoyos para tomar decisiones. Sin embargo, muy poco se ha estudiado sobre la forma en que los agricultores toman decisiones En este trabajo se construyó un modelo de Programación Lineal Etnográfica (PLE) que representa un típico sistema agrícola de las granjas de la región; se simularon diferentes escenarios, usando insumos provenientes de modelos que simulan el crecimiento de cultivos, y se usaron esos escenarios para compararlos con la decisiones tomadas por los agricultores. Todo esto para tratar de identificar, entender y aprender sobre los principales criterios que rigen la toma de decisiones. Los resultados incluyen la descripción del medio ambiente actual en el que se toman las decisiones, después de la experiencia del llamado “Proyecto Vaquerías”; un modelo de PLE de la típica granja del exejido Vaquerías, y una propuesta de rotación de cultivos que maximiza el ingreso familiar anual. Usando de manera secuencial los modelos que simulan el crecimiento de cultivos y el modelo de Programación Lineal Etnográfica que simula la economía de la granja, se logró imitar el sistema de manera realista. Se encontró que los conceptos de “Seguridad” y “Riesgo” en vi un ambiente incierto, y prioridades personales (como disponer de tiempo libre), tenían mucho más peso en la toma de decisiones que la búsqueda de maximización del ingreso. Se propone la participación activa de las Universidades en la formación de grupos de aprendizaje y en la búsqueda de estrategias apropiadas para el entrenamiento de técnicos y líderes comunitarios, en el desarrollo de habilidades computacionales, para el uso de modelos útiles para la toma de decisiones en las empresas agrícolas.
- Toward a group empowerment model in mexican organizations : A structural equation modeling approach(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-01-01) Mendoza Gómez, Joel; Flores Zambada, Ricardo; Villanueva Sánchez, Carlos A.; García-Calderón Díaz, Luis; Ibarra Yunez, AlejandroA model of group empowerment within the context of Mexican organization is proposed and empirically tested. Studying groups in the workplace has attracted increasing attention during the last years from academics and practitioners. The construct of group empowerment has been scarcely studied; however, group motivation is a crucial element for the group effectiveness. The study of group motivation has not completely covered the process through which group empowerment is generated. Social values and norms are elements that might influence this process. Additionally, there is no reported study of group empowerment in the Mexican organization context. In the theoretical perspective of work group effectiveness, a series of variables are conceived as causes of group effectiveness. Thus, the proposed model in a heuristic way describes a series of hypothesized relationships among the variables incorporated. Therefore, the proposed model includes variables from the organizational context, group V structure and group processes, such as: group mental model, group coordination, and group membership. Group empowerment that includes six dimensions: potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, impact, group trust, and group affective tone. Group effectiveness, conceived as performance outcomes, such as: productivity, proactivity, and customer service; then, conceived as attitudinal results: group satisfaction, teamwork, and team commitment. Five organizations from Monterrey, Mexico gave their authorization to apply all the instruments designed to measure the variables of the study and recollect the information from their employees. Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach of structural equations modeling is utilized to prove the hypotheses proposed. Results of the study expand the conceptual work in group empowerment and contribute to the work group effectiveness stream of theory. Additionally, results provide information that can be utilized to design more effective work groups in the context of Mexican organizations.
- Explaining the Time Series and Cross-Section Variations of Returns: The Mexican Stock Market-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-06-01) Velarde Chapa, Jorge E.; Dr.Sheridan Titman; Roberto Santillán Salgado; Alejandro Fonseca RamírezThe main objective of this dissertation is to propose an Asset Pricing Model that identifies the risk factors explaining the time series and cross-section variations in the returns of the Mexican Stock Market. This analysis sheds a deeper understanding about the behavior of the returns in the Mexican Stock Market, provides foreign and local investors with new elements in order to better identify attractive investments and will enable portfolio managers to enhance their analysis when determining the optimal degree of risk exposure. The CAPM, Multi-Factor Pricing Model and the Characteristic Model were tested; grouping the stock returns according to the market betas, size and book-to-market value. The sample covered a time period from 1987 to 2001, divided in sub-periods, to evaluate the economic and financial shocks, the opening of Mexico's economy through trade agreements, and vi the Mexican financial deregulation. The results suggest that the CAPM and MultiFactor Pricing Model that include the risk factors identified by Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) and Fama and French (1993), do not explain the time series and cross-section variations of the Mexican Stock returns. When testing different risk factors and the portfolios are constructed by market betas then the excess market return, the default risk and the U.S. real interest rate can better explain cross-section variations of the average returns between 1987 and 2001. But, when the portfolios are formed according to the market size and book-to-market value, the evidence found sustains that variations in returns are captured by different risk factors according to different business conditions. From 1987 until 1994, the excess market return, size mimicking portfolio, book-to-market mimicking portfolio and exchange rate give a better explanation for the variation of the average returns. Furthermore, from 1995 until 2001, the excess market return, size mimicking portfolio, book-to-market mimicking portfolio and the default risk offer a better explanation. The evidence presented to test the Characteristic Model was not sufficient in order to discriminate between a Factor or Characteristic Model. Nonetheless, since this may be the first study which tests the model in the Mexican Stock Market, I proposed some future lines of research in this area.
- Manager's beliefs about strategic alliances: a theory of planned behavior perspective and extension(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-12-01) Cavazos Quiroga, Carmina; CAVAZOS QUIROGA, CARMINA; 122848The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate how manager's attitudes toward, subjective norm about and perceived behavioral control over entering into strategic alliances, and the moderating role of manager's experience influence the manager's intention to enter into strategic alliances on behalf of his/her firm over the next two years. The research focus and specific research objectives were guided by a review of the relevant literature that revealed: (1) the identification of the marketing manager's important role in the implementation of the organization's strategy; (2) the need to investigate the psychological factors and cognitive structure of the marketing manager in order to fully assess his/her intentions to support entry of the firm into strategic alliances; and (3) the validation of the theory of planned behavior by incorporating experience in the model. iv This study attempted to close these gaps in prior research by investigating the role of manager's attitude toward, subjective norm about and perceived behavioral control over entering into strategic alliances and the use of manager's experience as a moderator of the relationship between manager's attitudes about, subjective norm toward and perceived behavioral control over and manager's intentions. Data was collected from marketing managers of 5 industries and subgroup analysis using multiple regression was used to test the conceptual model. Results indicate that marketing managers less experienced in strategic alliances tend to follow their attitudes about strategic alliances instead of their subjective norms. For managers more experienced in strategic alliances, results show that they tend to follow their subjective norms about entering into strategic alliances instead of their attitudes. A possible explanation can be found in the Institutional Theory of Organizations. Institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell 1983) predicts that organizations seek to follow similar patterns of behavior based on their desire to reconcile to norms and their quest for legitimacy. Firms try to bargain with their reality by the adoption and use of institutionalized responses. As a result, this adoption helps the manager to deal with his/her perceived uncertainty by creating processes that make organizations more similar.
- Relationship between changes in regulation, corporate governance, and firm performance: Mexico’s case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-12-01) García Nuñez, Heriberto; Fonseca Ramirez, Alejandro; Ibarra Yunez, Alejandro; Flores Zambada, RicardoThe present dissertation is dedicated to study the regulation of corporate governance practices and performance relationships. Several studies have been conducted around the world, based on how the good corporate governance practices impact the performance of the firm. Good corporate governance is related to the protection of the investor rights, and could be established by changes in law, regulation procedures, contracts, control, and normative procedures or product market influence. The present research is related to the regulation, law changes around corporate governance practices in Mexico, and how those changes influence the performance of the firm. The Mexican economy is affected by globalization, financial market integration, and potential investment opportunities around the world; part of the answer of those changes is regulation and investor protection rights.
- The political cycle and the mexican economy(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-12-01) Gamez Garza, Cesareo; GAMEZ GARZA, CESAREO; 229585
- The moderating role of perceived vulnerability in the relationship between patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-07-01) Wise Lozano, Jorge A.; Lozano Fernández, Gerardo; García de la Torre, Consuelo; García-Calderón Díaz, Luis; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra-YunezThis research establish that the consumer's perceived vulnerability to a threat is a relevant variable that modifies the preference for domestic origin products. This study demonstrates that perceived vulnerability to a threat such as damaging one's personal well-being is a relevant factor when consumers express their preference for domestic products, or consumer ethnocentrism. Using a model relating patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism, perception of vulnerability is shown to be a pure moderation variable affecting that relationship. The literature about ethnocentrism has failed to recognize relevant factors other than patriotism that influence the level of consumer ethnocentrism. One such relevant factor is the individual's perceived vulnerability to a threat. Using a Mexican sample of consumers, this study evidenced that patriotism is a relevant factor influencing the level of consumer ethnocentrism. Additionally the vi interaction between patriotism and perceived vulnerability is found to positively moderate that effect. Using scales previously developed of patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism the findings suggest that patriotic Mexicans will be ethnocentric consumers. However, they will increase their ethnocentric feelings due to a perception of vulnerability to a threat affecting their well-being and standard of living.
- Childrení skepticism toward television advertising(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2004-08-01) González García, Silvia; D. Hoyer, Wayne; A. Peterson, Robert; R. Martinez, Carlos; Ibarra Yunez, AlejandroThe aims of this work were to explore whether children exhibit skepticism toward televsion advertising and to examine the possible influence of socialization agents such as family, peers, and media on children's skepticism toward television advertising using socialization theory as a framework. Skepticism was defined as a tendency to disbelieve advertising claims. Advertising skepticism was conceptualized as an outcome of a socialization process. Specifically, the study investigated whether children from 8 to 12 years of age exhibit skepticism toward advertisng. Additionally, parents' skepticism, the type of family communication (socio-oriented versus concept-oriented communication), children's susceptibility to peer influence (susceptibility to informational versus normative peer influence), and the extent of television viewing were investigated regarding the relationship to children's skepticism toward television advertising. In order to shed light on the relationship among these variables, children's market knowledge was assessed as a possible mediator of the effects of socialization agents on children's skepticism. Demographic data (age, gender, type of school, socioeconomic status, number of children, birth order, amount of allowance, and source of the money) were also investigated as possible covariates of skepticism toward television advertising. Two studies were conducted with children from 8 to 12 years old and their parents. In Study 1 participants were 221 children, and in Study 2 participants were 662 children and 251 parents. The results shown evidence of increasing skepticism toward advertising in children from 8 to 12 years of age. A significant relationship was found between television viewing behavior and children's skepticism toward television advertising. To our knowledge this is the first study of children's skepticism toward advertising conducted in Mexico.