Doctorado
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551013
Colección de Tesis presentadas por alumnos para obtener un Doctorado del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
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- Instant deliveries in Mexico City: a socio-economic analysis and profit maximization framework for couriers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-27) Galindo Muro, Ana Bricia; Mora Vargas, Jaime; emipsanchez; Dablanc, Laetitia; Ugalde Monzalvo, Marisol; De Unanue Tiscareno, Adolfo Javier; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Cedillo Campos, Miguel GastónThis thesis introduces an engineering approach to understanding instant delivery operations within the platform economy. During the first step, through two surveys, the study highlighted couriers’ significant risks and challenges, shedding light on their precarious working conditions and financial pressures. The results emphasize the glaring disparity between the platform economy’s promise of flexibility and independence and the harsh reality experienced by most couriers. Furthermore, the study presents an assignment model to support technological advancements, which can lead to more effective decision-making, benefiting all actors involved in the urban instant delivery platform. By incorporating a fee algorithm and operational cost calculations, the quantitative model developed in this study demonstrates that a 20% increase in couriers’ income compared to traditional assignment models is advantageous for all parties. This approach seeks to raise awareness about the socioeconomic implications of emerging technologies such as Instant Deliveries and their regulation, particularly in rapidly developing urban areas. It offers valuable insights to build a more socially responsible and environmentally sustainable optimization approach in engineering.
- Social innovation processes in dignity-centered organizations: evidence from hybrid and indigenous enterprises(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-14) Islas Calderón, Selene; Guerra Leal, Eva María; emipsanchez; Quintanilla Domínguez, Claudia María; López Lira Arjona, Alfonso; Amorós Espinosa, José Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus MonterreyThe social and environmental issues that humanity is currently facing demand solutions that challenge current organizational practices. Such practices have also been blamed for increasing some of these problems, and different stakeholders are more strongly demanding that organizations seek different, more innovative approaches to sustainability, wellbeing and the generation of profits. One of the approaches that is gaining tremendous attentions is social innovation. However, this concept has also different approaches and scholar are still looking for frameworks that foster more social inclusion and enhance well-being. In this sense, the concepts of dignity and dignity-centered organizations have recently gained traction as a form of organizing that prioritizes the inherent worth of individuals, offering pathways to human flourishing. This new form of organizing may constitute a social innovation that is based on the principle of dignity. How these concepts intersect to generate processes that shape effective organizational practices and generate positive societal outcomes is a literature gap worth exploring and with important implications for managerial practices. The first study emphasizes the central role of dignity in shaping social innovation process. Humanistic management theory constitutes a promising framework that provides a different, more-human approach to how a social innovation generates and consolidates. The authors examined four Indigenous enterprises in Latin America and proposed a four-stage process of social innovation (origin, mobilization, execution, and integration) based on a four-case qualitative study that explores how the notions of dignity and humanistic management practices are present at every stage of the social innovation process. This study is one of the first to explore the relationship between humanistic management principles, dignity, and social innovation processes, a literature gap with important praxeological implications.
- Understanding the factors that affect the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-13) Rojas Cruz, Lilia Raquel; Husted Corregan, Bryan William; emipsanchez; Aguiñaga Maldonado, Eudardo Enrique; Amorós Espinosa, José Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus MonterreyThe urgency of grand challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and social injustice has generated a call for action, leading governments, markets, businesses, and individuals to adopt more sustainable practices and policies. The recognition of entrepreneurship as a solution— rather than a contributor to these issues— has given rise to sustainable entrepreneurship. Although academic interest in this field has grown in recent years, there is still much to learn about the nature of sustainable entrepreneurship in theory and practice. The present dissertation provides a new and broad approach to elements that influence the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship. Three empirical studies were conducted to examine how microlevel (motivations, intentions, and competencies) and macro-level (state fragility, economic development, and culture) aspects are related to sustainable entrepreneurship. The first study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies—self-efficacy and social capital—and sustainable entrepreneurship, focusing on how these competencies influence entrepreneurial motivations. The results reveal that opportunity- and necessity-driven entrepreneurship positively affect sustainable entrepreneurship. Moreover, entrepreneurial motivation positively mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and sustainable entrepreneurship. The second study examines the interaction between state fragility, economic development, and sustainable entrepreneurship, focusing on how entrepreneurial motivations, such as opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship, influence this relationship. Findings suggest that state fragility positively affects sustainable entrepreneurship. Additionally, necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship fully mediate the relationship between state fragility and sustainable entrepreneurship. Finally, the third study aims to understand how the elements of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) influence sustainable entrepreneurial intentions and examine the moderating effects of Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The research focuses on Mexico and the USA, utilizing cross-sectional survey data and employing hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) with cross-level interactions to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that long-term orientation positively moderates the relationship between individual-level attitudes toward sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. In contrast, masculinity negatively moderates the relationship between attitudes and intentions. Together, these studies comprehensively analyze the multilevel factors driving sustainable entrepreneurship. These findings theoretically and practically contribute to the field of sustainable entrepreneurship.
- European option pricing on day-ahead electricity prices: the mexican wholesale electricity market case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-28) Ramírez García, Alfredo; Saucedo de la Fuente, Eduardo; emipsanchez; Núñez Mora, José Antonio; Amorós Espinosa, José; Contreras Valdez, Mario Iván; Escuela de Graduados en Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Campus Ciudad de MéxicoThe present research proposes a novel European option pricing model with the day-ahead electricity price as an underlying asset which could be implemented as the first day-ahead electricity price hedging financial instrument in the Wholesale Electricity Market (MEM). Therefore, this work represents an essential contribution to the MEM's development since, according to Roy and Basu (2020), MEM should be considered an emerging electricity market owing to its small number of participants, and hedging financial instruments, such as futures or options, cannot be acquired. Hence having an instrument of this kind would allow market participants to implement better risk management strategies to hedge day-ahead electricity price volatility to prevent financial losses. This work is divided into five chapters; each concerns a different component of the proposed model. In Chapter 1, the main characteristics of the MEM, as well as a review of the operating rules that are most closely related to the design of the proposed financial instrument, as well as a general context of the MEM and the growth initiatives proposed by the Mexican government, are described. In Chapter 2 an in-depth review of the probability theory necessary for a complete understanding of the proposed model, starting with basic probability concepts and moving on to the Normal Inverse Gaussian and Multivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian probability distributions, as well as the valuation of a European Option by Monte Carlo valuation is provided. In Chapter 3, two topics are addressed; first, a statistical analysis is performed to confirm that well-known LMP stylized facts, such as seasonality, volatility, and autocorrelation, are observable on MEM's day-ahead electricity prices. Second, Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution capability to fit LMP logarithmic returns (Series Returns) is shown as follows: the Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Model (STL), NIG parameter estimation by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) of Series Returns, simulated NIG series generation from obtained parameters, and goodness-of-fit tests are performed to demonstrate NIG's distribution capabilities to fit and simulate electricity returns series. In Chapter 4, the European option pricing model employing Multivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian (MNIG) is proposed. In order to obtain the European option price for 28 days ahead on an hourly basis (672 hours ahead) by applying this model, each week hour is assumed to be a single independent asset, which produces 168 series for a single week. Four lagged log-prices for each hour are then obtained to be modeled employing MNIG distribution to perform Monte Carlo simulations and generate electricity lagged log-prices trajectories which then are employed to estimate the European option price for the 672 hours ahead by applying the European option pricing methodology. Results show that by applying this valuation model, electricity price correlation and seasonality are modeled by the employment of MNIG distribution, which simplifies modeling complexity and MNIG makes it possible to obtain a correct European option price valuation for each of the forecast values. Finally, the research conclusions are presented in Chapter 5.
- Emotional intelligence, local brands, and brand coolness: Unveiling the dynamics of consumer responsibility in sustainable consumption(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-09-09) Agredano González, Carlos; Toldos Romero, María de la Paz; emimmayorquin; Alvarado Herrera, Alejandro; Escuela de Graduados en Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Sede EGADE Estado de México; Rialp-Criado, JosepThe study of consumer behavior is a fascinating yet complex subject in both marketing literature and human psychology. Recently, there has been a heightened interest in sustainable consumption and consumption patterns have affected serious environmental issues, causing us to question whether making these conscious and responsible decisions will impact how we perceive brands and influence future consumer purchases. To respond to this question and based on the signaling theory (Erdem and Swait, 1989) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), three scientific studies were elaborated to empirically prove the relationships between variables with a methodical basis that can conduct responsible behavior while making stronger brands. The manuscript presents three studies that aim to identify the antecedent variables that explain consumer decision-making in the relationship between consumer responsibility for sustainable consumption and local or global brands, specifically, the objective is to understand the factors that influence this behavior. Firstly, the role of emotional intelligence and flourishing in predicting consumer responsibility for sustainable consumption was examined, and the relationship between these variables and the mediating effect of personal norms, and frugality. Secondly, the study examines how consumer responsibility for sustainable consumption can affect the likelihood of purchasing local brands, the mediation role of local brand attitude and local brand as a social signaling value, and how these relationships are moderated through materialism and ethnocentrism. Lastly, it was presented the impact of the perceived local or global brand on how cool those brands are. In the findings for studies one and two, PLS structural equation modeling was applied to a representative sample of 430 respondents from an online survey in Mexico. This study demonstrated that emotional intelligence has a positive impact on individuals' flourishing, and personal norms and frugal behaviors play a mediating role that positively influences consumer responsibility for sustainable consumption. The second study explored the consumer responsibility for sustainable consumption and its positive direct and indirect effect on local brand purchase likelihood through the mediation of local brand attitude, and local brand as a social signaling value and the moderation role of materialism and ethnocentrism in those direct and indirect effects. In the last study it was applied PLS structural equation modeling and a multigroup analysis, to evaluate the impact of perceived local and global brands on brand coolness and how this perception is affected by their attitude toward a global or local consumer culture in retailers’ brands. A multinational survey was used to collect information from the United States, Australia, and Mexico. Businesses, brand managers, and policymakers should prioritize these factors in marketing strategies to enhance local brand visibility and influence consumer behavior positively and responsibly. The initial investigation offered insights into the antecedent factors driving responsible and sustainable consumption. The findings in second study, enhance the understanding of how to develop effective local brand marketing strategies from the perspective of construal level theory, and this is particularly relevant when targeting consumers who have a strong sense of personal responsibility and prioritize sustainability, providing managerial implications on how to promote consuming locally, thereby promoting responsible consumption. These results suggest that adopting a glocal strategy can benefit retailers seeking international growth and enhance their overall coolness factor.
- Commercial delivery policies: inventory management models with power demand pattern(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-29) Khan, Md. Al-Amin; Cárdenas Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo; emiggomez, emipsanchez; Loera Hernández, Imelda de Jesús; Smith, Neale R.; Treviño Garza, Gerardo; Bourguet Díaz, Rafael Ernesto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyIn the fast-paced, ever-changing environment of contemporary business, inventory management stands as a vital, ongoing endeavor. The discipline of decision-making in inventory management assumes a central role in this dynamic environment that is marked by continuous change and intense competition. Navigating the complexities of decision-making poses challenges, particularly in accurately assessing the multifaceted aspects of decision-making processes amid varying circumstances, including demand fluctuations, different types of discounts, and contractual agreements. At the same time, the increasing concern among consumers regarding the environmental footprint of their purchases, coupled with government-mandated regulations, complicates the decision-making process for businesses. In this milieu, sustainable inventory management practices have emerged as a pertinent research area, prompting heightened scrutiny of the impacts of emission guidelines on inventory practices, not only aimed at addressing broader societal concerns but also at ensuring the financial sustainability of businesses. This thesis adopts a specialized demand structure known as the power demand pattern (PDP) to depict fluctuations in demand over the storage period of a company, providing a robust framework for understanding customer demand dynamics across various products. The company maintains its inventory by acquiring items through quantity discounts in exchange for a quantity-sensitive prepayment as part of a contractual arrangement. This thesis introduces a novel concept by considering the installment frequency for fulfilling prepayment obligations as a decision variable for the company, incorporating a transaction fee for each installment. Furthermore, theoretical formulas are developed under different sorts of demand structures, incorporating the influences of selling price and storage time, to assess the profitability of inventory management processes under a combined link-to-order prepayment and quantity discount scheme. A significant advancement by integrating sustainability considerations into both inventory management and pricing strategies within the framework of the PDP is accomplished in this thesis. Through systematic identification and comparison of sustainable inventory management practices under varying emission guidelines, this study provides valuable insights aimed at optimizing profits within the PDP. Therefore, the insights derived from this study offer organizations practical techniques to navigate the complex regulatory environment effectively and achieve sustainable financial performance. Moreover, intensive and comprehensive in-depth sustainable inventory practices under the PDP are established specifically for growing items (GIs). This thesis investigates the impact of weight loss resulting from bleeding and non-consumable components on optimal pricing and inventory strategies for a farm, delving into previously unexplored areas within the literature on GIs. A comparative analysis is conducted on the operations of a livestock farm, operating within several environmental regulations. Consequently, the comprehensive methodology improves sustainable inventory management techniques and offers practical strategies to mitigate environmental impacts and enhance economic feasibility in livestock production.
- The impact of digital transformation and value capture on business models(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-10-31) Díaz Crespo, Regina Gabriela; MONTALVO CORZO, RAUL FRANCISCO; 83426; Montalvo Corzo, Raúl Francisco; emiggomez; Escuela de Graduados en Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Sede EGADE Santa Fe; Amorós Espinosa, José ErnestoIn awareness of the importance that Digital Transformation (DT) has gained in Mexican companies in recent years, as well as the concern of Business Models (BM) in capturing value, the purpose of this thesis is to answer the question: What is the impact of Digital Transformation and value capture on business models? Five research projects have been developed in Mexico to answer this question. The first research work consisted of a systematic literature review in order to identify relevant opportunities for this research, which is explained in the first chapter of the thesis. Derived from this first research work, the following four research papers were developed. The second chapter addresses the adoption of the digital transformation of corner stores promoted by large companies. Through the application of in-depth interviews in corner stores resulted in an urgent call for large companies to unify strategies to promote the DT of the front desk with customers. The third chapter includes an analysis of the sustainability reports of large companies, in which DT actions to achieve sustainability are identified. Concluding that investment in digital transformation actions promote the sustainability of businesses and the permanence of business models. A successful business model considers satisfactory customer experience as a pillar in its development. Which motivated the fourth paper, focused on investigating how artificial intelligence is perceived in customer service. It was through surveys that we investigated whether the implementation of chatbots improves the customer experience, findings show that it will depend on the purpose of the chatbot, the age of the customer and the level of education. With the purpose of sharing experiences of Mexican companies in the implementation of DT projects, a fifth research paper is included explaining why digital transformation projects fail in companies. This work was carried out by conducting interviews with Project Managers (PM) and experts in DT projects implementation. This work is original since it is developed in Mexico, has different research methodologies and has managerial implications that are mentioned in each research paper. There are undoubtedly great opportunities in the research of DT, since it is a topic with many edges, and this thesis only covers some of them.
- Price communication in retail: effective strategies for sustainable customer satisfaction and business growth(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-11) Guzmán Martínez, Francisco Jesús; GUZMAN MARTINEZ, FRANCISCO JESUS;*CA50227; Orozco Gómez, Ma. Margarita; emiggomez; Hernández Zelaya, Sandra Lizzeth; Escuela de Negocios; Campus Santa Fe; Osorio Andrade, María LucilaPrice communication, a focal component of retail marketing, plays a critical role in shaping consumer perceptions and purchase behavior. The research delves into various aspects of price communication, including pricing strategies, promotional tactics, and their impact on consumers’ willingness to buy. This thesis explores the multifaceted realm of price communication within the retail industry, with a primary focus on elucidating effective strategies that engender sustainable customer purchase intentions. This thesis is presented in the format of three academic papers, each of which has specific and particular objectives: 1) Investigate the strategies and techniques that businesses and organizations employ to effectively navigate the complex economic landscape characterized by inflation; 2) explore the role of emotional factors within price cues that are influencing consumers' purchase decisions; 3) Investigate and analyze the dynamics and impact of limited time offers as a pricing strategy in the retail industry. Paper 1 eluded diverse approaches adopted by businesses for proficiently disseminating inflation alterations, the research first scrutinizes existing literature and subsequently presents the outcomes of executive interviews and comprehensive analyses of global corporate pricing and sales promotional strategies. The results underscore the significance of forthright and anticipatory communication as a means to uphold customer trust and alleviate adverse perceptions. Paper 2 discovered that the emotional side of pricing assumes pivotal significance in understanding consumers' responses to pricing cues due to its substantial influence on consumer behavior. The results that presenting promotional pricing alongside regular pricing significatively increases willingness to buy (WTB), this relationship holds notable importance within the emotional and monetary dimensions, exhibiting heightened salience for hedonic products, thereby fostering a positive impact on WTB. Paper 3 delve into the retail pricing strategy of time-limited offers and its potential implications for market competitiveness. Economic theory posits that these offers could discourage consumers from conducting price comparisons, potentially resulting in less competitive markets. Results showed that using strategies of limited time offers significantly increases the willingness to buy, mainly influenced by the reactance theory in an opposite way. The findings yield valuable insights into the dynamics of time-limited offers within the context of retail pricing strategies.
- Aesthetics influence over respondents' answers: an online survey exploration(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2015) Abrego Carrasco, Artemio; ROCHA GONZALEZ, JORGE MIGUEL; 262546; Rocha González, Jorge Miguel; emipsanchez; Rodríguez Garza, Juan Manuel; Núñez Daruich, Sandra Dennis; Escuela de Graduados en Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Sede EGADE MonterreyThis thesis is the first of its kind to explore how the presence or absence of aesthetic elements, such as background, font, and logo design, in an online survey may influence the answers of the respondents. We use the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC–SDS) to test and analyze our hypotheses to determine whether a survey’s aesthetics can influence the respondents’ desire to be part of, or feel included in, their society. Additionally, we explore self-consciousness theories, both public and private, and social anxiety. The objective of this is to observe whether they produce a moderation effect on the interaction between aesthetics and the respondents’ social desirability outcome. Our research suggests that the presence of aesthetic elements in a survey triggers a higher level of social desirability influenced by respondents’ social anxiety. In contrast, the absence of aesthetic elements suggests significantly lower levels of social desirability. Our study contributes to the research on consumer behavior theories and investigates how aesthetics can alter answers of the respondents in surveys. The potential implications are vast and could lead the way for other studies.
- Análisis del contexto mundial de la post-ayuda y su incidencia en la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo de México y Chile.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-05-17) Apodaca Rodríguez, Raquel; APODACA RODRIGUEZ, RAQUEL; 359415; Cerda Dueñas, Carlos; emipsanchez; Sánchez Gutiérrez, Gabriela; Foucras, Nicolás Pierre; Brun, Élodie; Lemus Delgado, Daniel; ECSG Escuela de Ciencias Sociales y Gobierno; Campus MonterreyEsta investigación surge de la inquietud de interpretar la transformación que el escenario de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo (CID) ha sufrido tras la crisis financiera internacional de 2008, así como de discernir en qué medida este cambio ha incidido en las políticas de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo de México y de Chile. La propuesta conceptual del contexto mundial de la post-ayuda (CMPA) resulta de especial interés para este fin, ya que parte de la premisa de que el reacomodo geopolítico de la última década ha conllevado una importante variación en la relevancia política de los mecanismos de promoción del desarrollo internacional. A través de un estudio de carácter explicativo y corte cualitativo, la presente investigación analiza el CMPA para dilucidar su incidencia ante la CID de dos países latinoamericanos de carácter dual: México y Chile. La idea es explorar los cambios y las continuidades en tres principales aspectos: 1) sus estatus-rol en el marco político de la CID; 2) sus estrategias de diseño de política de CID ; y 3) su adecuación institucional . Esto con el fin de identificar indicios de una evolución de las relaciones de cooperación como resultado del proceso de ajuste de ambos países al CMPA. Siendo la gobernanza un enfoque teórico con la capacidad de fungir como marco de análisis comparativo entre los diferentes niveles contemplados en esta investigación, resulta sumamente útil para determinar: 1) qué factores han favorecido la actual fragmentación de la autoridad entre actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales de CID; 2) la forma en que las normas y los procesos de toma de decisiones han sido transferidos de un nivel a otro en el marco político del desarrollo y la cooperación internacional; y 3) las estrategias de los países para ajustar sus políticas y andamiajes institucionales al nuevo contexto de las relaciones internacionales. El cruce de los hallazgos derivados de la revisión documental, de la observación participante, así como de la aplicación de entrevistas a personas expertas en la materia permitió esclarecer los principales supuestos de la investigación. De ahí que fuera posible corroborar la hipótesis de que el CMPA representa un periodo de transición que ha supuesto tanto un reacomodo de los socios de la CID como una traslación de un régimen de la ayuda a un sistema de gobernanzas regionales de CID que operan de acuerdo con la naturaleza de las áreas temáticas a trabajar, la cercanía geográfica y la afinidad política. Por ejemplo, la SEGIB reúne a los países iberoamericanos y funge como foro de concertación política para éstos. En el marco del caso de estudio, fue posible identificar que, si bien hasta 2018 México siguió apostando por la alineación al régimen del CAD al acoger y respaldar el discurso de la cooperación eficaz al desarrollo, luego de la transición política experimentada a finales de este año el respaldo y la participación de este país en este tipo de iniciativas disminuyó considerablemente al tratarse de un gobierno abiertamente, al menos en el discurso, antineoliberal y progresista. Mientras que, Chile definitivamente dio un giro a su discurso a través de la promoción del concepto de desarrollo en transición, sin embargo, en la práctica no se observa un alejamiento de la organización y sus países miembros sino un acercamiento en aras de promover nuevos mecanismos de colaboración con el CAD y sus países miembros. De esta forma, el supuesto de que en sus relaciones de CID México sigue teniendo muy en cuenta los mandatos del CAD, mientras que Chile está acercándose un tanto más a los diferentes sistemas de gobernanza regional de la CSS se incumple. El principal aspecto que invalida este supuesto es el hecho de que, aunque Chile ya no es un país receptor de AOD, ha buscado a toda costa seguir vinculado al CAD y a sus donantes y, por tanto, no ha intentado ir más allá de lo actualmente establecido con sus principales socios de CSS. México, por su parte, aunque contempla en su ley de cooperación los principios de la eficacia y aún mantiene estrechos lazos con donantes del CAD, en los últimos tres años ha dado prioridad a fortalecer su rol como socio de CSS sin necesariamente seguir las directrices sugeridas por esta organización. Al menos así lo demuestran los procesos de implementación de los proyectos Jóvenes Construyendo el Futuro y Sembrando Vida en Honduras y El Salvador. Por lo anterior, la nueva forma de las relaciones de CID se expresa en los cambios institucionales que países como México y Chile han llevado a cabo a fin de adaptar sus políticas y marcos normativos al CMPA. Es decir, el ajuste en los andamiajes institucionales, mandatos, agendas e instrumentos de CID en estos países da cuenta de formas alternativas para la gestión de sus relaciones en el contexto de cambio del escenario de CID. Estos cambios están abriendo oportunidades para transformar el orden y la jerarquía entre los diferentes foros y plataformas de concertación política en la materia. Por lo anterior, esta investigación concluye que el cambio en las relaciones entre los actores de CID, por un lado, está ampliando las bases para caminar hacia la democratización tanto de la política global del desarrollo como del marco político de la CID al conllevar el reconocimiento de la complementariedad de todas las modalidades y socios de la CID y promover su integración en los procesos de ajuste institucional en todos los niveles. Por otro lado, también promueve una redistribución de las responsabilidades del desarrollo, en donde los países del Sur y el sector privado están tomando mayor protagonismo ante los desafíos del desarrollo tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.
