Tesis
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/345119
Colección de Tesis y Trabajos de grado (informe final del proyecto de investigación, tesina, u otro trabajo académico diferente a Tesis, sujeto a la revisión y aceptación de una comisión dictaminadora) presentados por alumnos para obtener un grado académico del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Para enviar tu trabajo académico al RITEC, puedes consultar este Infográfico con los pasos generales para que tu tesis sea depositada en el RITEC.
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- Generation of optical bottle field arrays using structured light techniques for possible applications in quantum information(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023) Iga Buitrón, Héctor Miguel; López Mago, Dorilián; emimmayorquin; Pérez García, Benjamín de Jesús; Jaimes Nájera, Alfonso Isaac; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyQuantum computing and quantum simulation are up-and-coming solutions to process information. Quantum information, unlike classical bits 0 or 1, is encoded in a two-level quantum system, what is called qubit. Using trapped neutral atoms as qubits is a rising technique for large-scale quantum computing due to the fact that each atom has discrete quantum states that can be used to encode a qubit. Light is a tool used to control the position and the quantum state of atoms. Although it is possible to trap a neutral atom in its ground state using optical tweezers, its lack of interaction with other atoms limits its use for the construction of many-qubit quantum systems, that require entanglement. Atoms excited to a Rydberg state have been proven successful for many bodies physics due to its strong dipole-dipole interaction. Rydberg atoms are atoms with their electrons excited to high-energy states, and they can strongly interact with each other due to its strong dipole-dipole interaction; however, Rydberg atoms can not be trapped using optical tweezers because they prefer to stay in the darker region of light. Three-dimensional zero-intensity zones, i.e., dark regions surrounded by light, are known as optical bottle fields. These bottle fields can be used to trap and manipulate atoms or small particles by means of repulsive optical forces. This trap can be used to optically contain a Rydberg atom, because it minimizes photon scattering and heating effects. Using structured light techniques it is possible create bottle field arrays taking advantage of the spatial structure of a beam. The aim of this work is create different arrays bottle fields using structured light techniques in order to help improve the performance of the quantum computing and quantum simulation.
- In silico Design and Analysis of Stability Parameters of Asymmetrical Liposomes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-06-15) Núñez García, Eduardo; Montes Fonseca, Silvia Lorena; emimmayorquin; Oseguera Guerra, Berenice Erendira; School of Bioengineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Flores Holguin, NormaAsymmetric liposomes are vesicles that can be assembled from different lipids compositions to improve specific characteristics for each leaflet of the liposome, depending on the intended use. However, the characterization of these nanosystems at an experimental level is complex. The use of MD simulations, and specifically CG models as the Martini force field, allows the design and analysis of these lipidic nanostructures to be faster and cheaper experimentally. Despite the innovation and constant development of MD simulations, this tool has not yet been used as a method to evaluate multiple lipid compositions for asymmetric liposomes, which led to this study, where the design and analysis of multiple asymmetric bilayers and vesicles containing DOTAP, DOPE, DSPC, and cholesterol were created through the INSANE and BUMPy scripts for further evaluation of their structure and stability by measuring their bilayer thicknesses, APL, SASA, gyration radius, and cholesterol positioning. All simulated structures remained stable for 3 microseconds and showed different behaviors depending on their composition, especially cholesterol content that strongly affected the structures' characteristics, meaning that the Martini CG model can be used to determine characteristics of interest in the analysis of multiple liposomal compositions. Based on the analysis made of the bilayers and vesicles during this work, bilayers’ compositions DOTMA:DOPE 1:1, DOTMA:DOPE:Cholesterol 1:1:1, and 5:3:0.4 had the best properties to remain stable over time, and vesicle’s composition DOTMA:DOPE:Cholesterol 1:1:1 presented more satisfactory results overall. Further analysis of the vesicle might be beneficial for a better understanding of the composition. The proposed work serves as a first approach to use MD simulations as a tool to be applied in the decision-making process for developing drug delivery carriers in experimental laboratories, reducing economic and time restrictions.
- Formación automática de ontologías de conceptos encontrados en documentos no estructurados(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-02) Rivera González, Martha Idalid; González Mendoza, Miguel; emimmayorquin; Cuevas Arenas, Alma; Gibrán Cansino, Héctor; Luévano García, Luis; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Estado de México; Guzmán, AdolfoEn las últimas décadas han sido desarrollados numerosos enfoques, métodos y técnicas para el desarrollo en la búsqueda del nuevo conocimiento, las ontologías es una prueba de ello, que permiten estructurar los datos, donde la información es almacenada en nodos y relaciones, agregando con ello, la aplicación de métodos, que permite realizar búsqueda de conocimientos de información no estructurada, tales como páginas web, documentos, artículos, palabras entre otros. El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una búsqueda en una gran cantidad de documentos, iniciando con un tema o concepto “semilla”, usando técnicas de minería de datos (minería de texto) se detectan palabras y frases temáticas que son candidatos a ser conceptos (se usará desambiguación para pasarlos a conceptos aunque generalmente en campos especializados, cada palabra o frase temática tiene un significado único). Las relaciones entre algunos de los conceptos se hallarán mediante la creación de un modelo que permitirá la formación del nuevo conocimiento para obtener las ontologías. La tarea de generar nuevo conocimiento no es nada trivial ya que se requiere de la elaboración de dos algoritmos el primero llamado AS-WT que da como resultado un conjunto de 6 palabras conjuntas, lematizadas y categorizadas y el segundo el AS-WT-ON da como resultado triadas compuestas por sustantivo-verbo-sustantivo para dar como resultado la generación de ontologías
- Life cycle analysis of complementary biorefinery and refinery routes to produce ethylene in Mexico(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-05-24) Landeros Basurto, Ana Sofía; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; tolmquevedo; Santibañez Aguilar, José Ezequiel; Mancilla Méndez, Yasmany; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyEthylene is one of the main building blocks in the chemical production industry. Conventional production routes are expensive and have bigger environmental impacts day by day. These drawbacks can be addressed by comparing existing conventional routes with two alternative biorefinery routes to see if a better option can be found. The conventional routes involve the Steam Cracking of Naphtha and Natural gas. Both routes are energy-intensive and overall expensive. Two alternative “Green Routes” were proposed to compare them against the existing ones and to find if they are sustainable. These routes consist on the production of 1 kg/hr of ethylene via bioethanol dehydration and via bio methanol to olefins. Based on the results obtained in the LCA, the best route is bioethanol dehydration. This can be attributed to the smaller environmental impact that this route has. Literature often mentions that most biorefinery routes strive to be carbon neutral, which is a point in favour for route 3 and 4. Route 4 or biomethanol to olefins production is an attractive option, however, it is also in third place due to the energy demand from the methanol to olefins process. This energy demand puts route 4 in a negative perspective on the overall environmental assessment. The outcome of this study shows that route 4 (biomethanol to olefins) emits 1357.13 kg CO2 eq per kg of ethylene produced. Looking into the behavior of the route, most of the impact can be attributed to block 3 which is responsible for 1187.76 kg CO2 eq per kg of ethylene produced. This result implies that the block that must be optimized is block three, which corresponds to the methanol-to-olefins process, and that if this block were improved, the route would become an attractive alternative.
- Evaluar la relación de los factores generacionales en el comportamiento de la utilidad en empresas con esquema de salario mixto(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-11-21) Guerrero Campos, Eduardo Missael; Luna Saeb, Luz María; emipsanchez; Escuela de Negocios; Campus GuadalajaraEn nuestros días las empresas enfrentan el reto de identificar las mejores formas, herramientas e información para trabajar con las diferentes generaciones. Éste concepto no ha cambiado con el tiempo, sin embargo la tecnología y los estudios de los individuos formó una nueva forma de valorar las capacidades de cada generación que trae consigo beneficios, limitaciones y necesidades diferentes. BSMX actualmente cuenta con un sistema eficiente y robusto, sin embargo el tiempo nos ha dado a conocer que existe una disparidad en los resultados de los colaboradores. Por tal motivo, como primer paso se realizó una investigación con autores y otros estudios de caso que nos permitiera entender cómo dichas diferencias generacionales impactan en el rendimiento de la compañía, Así se identificaron los atributos necesarios para lograr una optimización en las capacidades de los individuos, el desarrollo organizacional, los factores psicosociales, organizacionales y los elementos externos a su persona que al ser valorados según su generación y su percepción nos brindan información que permita saber como mejorar los indicadores de desempeño. El segundo paso fue realizar una investigación por encuesta que enmarcaba los cuatro conceptos que se desarrollaron en la investigación como primordiales en el desarrollo de las capacidades dínámicas de los individuos: Puentes generacionales, Motivación, Liderazgo y Fidelidad, los cuales enmarcan grandes puntos de observación, pero siendo más repetitivos la comunicación, cultura de la organización, satisfacción laboral y recompensa. Las encuestas se dividieron según su nivel organizacional y las preguntas cambiaban identificando los mismos valores pero con diferentes perspectivas de análisis. El diseño de la encuesta fue un estudio transversal de alcance descriptivo, de cuyo objeto de estudio fue de 127 personas, entre ellos ejecutivos, líderes y directores, todos activos dentro de BSMX. Debido a las limitaciones de tiempo y recursos, se realizó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio y estratificado con la variable de control: “Puesto”, y en cuyo resultado la muestra de estudio fue de 96 personas, 81% ejecutivos, 9% Líderes y 4% Directores. Para los resultados se utilizó la variable independiente: Desempeño Organizacional, se emplearon medidas perceptivas de aspectos no financieros y financieros; para los datos de las variables dependientes como: Puentes Generacionales, Liderazgo, Fidelidad y Motivación se análizaron por puntaje basado en la escala Likert y la prueba de hipótesis se analizó con la correlación canónica (CC), utilizando el Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Los resultados arrojaron que los puentes generacionales poseen un valor de correlación del 41% y un valor determinante cercano a cero, la motivación tuvo un valor de correlación tan solo del 16%, y un valor determinante por encima del esperado, posicionándose por debajo del alcance estándar, rechazando únicamente la hipótesis. En cuanto a la fidelidad, su correlación fue de 30% y significancia con valor cercano a cero, siendo el liderazgo el mayor puntuado con una correlación del 53% y un significante menor a 0.001. Adquiriendo gran valor la figura del líder en la organización. Se concluye que el estudio suma evidencia empírica, teórica y significante para el avance y el desarrollo de los 3 factores obtenidos con mayor calificación dentro de la investigación, con un plan que pueda ser desarrollado y ejecutado a brevedad. Las modificaciones en los conductuales de la organización podrán significar gran relevancia para el proceso de los alcances productivos.
- Adjusting MOVES’ emission factors in light-duty vehicles for a specific region using local measurements(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-15) Evangelista Palma, Gabriel; Huertas Cardozo, José Ignacio; puelquio, emimayorquin; Mancilla Méndez, Yasmany; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Castellanos Rodríguez, SergioIt was initially observed that experimental and analytical emissions data exhibit cubic exponential behavior when expressed in terms of emissions mass flow vs. specific power (VSP). Consequently, for each year-model of a given technology, a representative experimental value of emissions at a given VSP is sufficient to fit that curve to reproduce the behavior over the entire VSP range. The experimental value can be obtained by measurements from inspection and maintenance programs, such as RSD or on rollers. As an illustrative example, this methodology was applied to the case of the city of Monterrey (MOVES MTY). Additionally, the tool's potential was illustrated by determining the vehicle emissions in each road of a reduced region (in this case, a university district) from traffic simulation data. The emissions inventory obtained showed that using unadjusted emission factors estimates between 10.5% and 32.3% less CO emissions and between 6.9% and 20.0% fewer NOx emissions than using the MOVES MTY emission factors.
- Volumetric heating in digital glass forming(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-06-01) Deutsch Garcia, Luis; Ahuett Garza, Horacio; emipsanchez; Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel; Landers, Robert G.; Orta Castañón, Pedro Antonio; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Kinzel, Edward C.This research study investigates the use of volumetric heating in Digital Glass Forming (DGF) to enhance heat absorption and deposition rates in the glass printing process. A 1070 nm wavelength laser and various art glasses with colorants are explored to improve the volumetric heat absorption capacity of the soda-lime glass. A coaxial configuration is implemented to achieve uniform heating in filaments. The achieved deposition rates (V̇ = 15.7 mm3 /s) surpass previous reports in the literature. The study examines the behavior of glass material during printing and identifies different morphologies under varying conditions. Limitations include heat absorption restrictions within the glass and the occurrence of bubbles inside the filament. Simulation results suggest an optimal deposition rate where the glass can be deposited at higher speeds without encountering bubbles or defects by carefully adjusting the Optical Penetration Depth (OPD) of the glass filament This research contributes to overall DGF process, optimizing deposition rates, and identifying areas for future research. It demonstrates the potential of volumetric heating and lays the groundwork for advancements in glass manufacturing processes.
- Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from mexican jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pulp and their antioxidant activity(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-13) Cruz Casillas, Frida Camila; Rodríguez Martínez, Verónica; puemcuervo, emimayorquin; García Amézquita, Luis Eduardo; García Varela, Rebeca; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; García Cayuela, TomásIn Mexico, jackfruit is one of the least known and underutilized fruits in the states of Jalisco and Nayarit; therefore, production is mainly exported. However, an estimated 10% of the total production does not meet the minimum requirement for quality standards. On the other hand, since jackfruit is not widely used, it represents an opportunity for research to provide an added value. Studies in this thesis showed that jackfruit and its by-products could promote the generation of functional ingredients with nutraceutical characteristics. Jackfruit pulp and peel’s nutritional and techno-functional characteristics showed that both have great potential as functional ingredients, depending on the application or food matrix. In recent years, the use of ultrasound (US) processing to extract bioactive compounds from plant matrices has increased. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic treatments to assist the extraction process from jackfruit pulp powder, increase total phenolic compound content, and analyze their antioxidant capacity. A three-factor Box-Behnken design was used; here, processing time (5, 17.5, 30 min), solid/ liquid ratio (S/L; 1:5, 1:15, 1:25 g/mL), and the ultrasonic amplitude (40, 70, 100%) variables were considered to study the variations in the total phenolic content (TPC), and the antioxidant capacity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt (ABTS) techniques. In addition to physicochemical and nutritional characterization, results showed that the S/L ratio had the most significant effect on the TPC. However, there were no significant differences between the TCP values obtained from ultrasound-treated and untreated samples. The maximum phenolic compounds yield from the US-treated samples was 1.48 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, achieved by using 100% amplitude for 17.5 min with an S/L ratio of 1:25 g/mL. Additionally, no correlation between the TPC and antioxidant capacity was determined. The highest antioxidant capacity determined by the ABTS assay was 1.29 ± 0.60 mg AAE/g, achieved by using 40% amplitude for 17.5 min with an S/L ratio of 1:25 g/mL. However, from the chromatograms, differences were observed between the treated and untreated samples since the peaks of the treated sample from fresh jackfruit pulp obtained a higher signal than the other samples. The phenolic compounds identified by HPLC in jackfruit pulp extracts were hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and luteolin.
- Piezoelectric Modeling Using the Finite Element Method (FEM)(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023) Nava Montiel, Axayácatl Ayapín; Otero Hernández, José Antonio; emimmayorquin; Chong Quero, Jesús Enrique; Hernández Cooper, Ernesto; Santiago Acosta, Rubén Darío; Díaz Martínez, Gerardo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de MéxicoIn this thesis, it will be explained how to model piezoelectric behavior using the finite element method. This thesis will start by assessing how important and broad high power ultrasonic is today, establishing some of the most important advancements and breakthroughs. Then the problem and all the piezoelectric theory will be defined. The solution will be proposed by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Lastly, the model will be tested against experimental results and there will a discussion about them, in which improvements like parameter variation will be argued.
- Design and implementation of a sensing platform to assess and forecast environmental conditions(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-05-25) Rivera Corona, Antonio Carlos; Ponce Cruz, Pedro; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Mata Juárez, Omar; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Molina Gutiérrez, ArturoLocal environments are altered due to natural phenomena caused by climate change. Some nature changes are, for instance, heat waves, floods, wildfires, and air pollution, among others. Monitoring these alterations is compulsory for users who require a better understanding of their surroundings, such as farmers, transportation companies, and climate researchers. There are already solutions implemented to address this, such as fixed weather stations, satellite images, or drone mapping; However, the limitation of these approaches is that they are unaffordable for small users due to high-cost sensors and the trained personnel needed for operation and maintenance. Also, they have limited coverage and do not share information with the public. Therefore, this paper shows the design, development, and evaluation ofan open-source automatic weather station (OSWS) based on low-cost sensors that monitor environmental variables, including temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, CO2 concentration, and particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10). This station provides a fast solution for in-site measurements for different users; it can monitor the variables remotely and forecast values within a short-time period based on the historical data captured using the ARIMA model.
