Tesis
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/345119
Colección de Tesis y Trabajos de grado (informe final del proyecto de investigación, tesina, u otro trabajo académico diferente a Tesis, sujeto a la revisión y aceptación de una comisión dictaminadora) presentados por alumnos para obtener un grado académico del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Para enviar tu trabajo académico al RITEC, puedes consultar este Infográfico con los pasos generales para que tu tesis sea depositada en el RITEC.
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- A prompt assisted image enhancement model using BERT classifier and modified LMSPEC and STTN techniques for endoscopic images(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Cerriteño Magaña, Javier; Ochoa Ruiz, Gilberto; emipsanchez; Sánchez Ante, Gildardo; Alfaro Ponce, Mariel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis document presents a research thesis for the Master in Computer Science (MCCi) degree at Tecnologico de Monterrey. The field of medical imaging, particularly in endoscopy, has seen significant advancements in image enhancement techniques aimed at improving the clarity and interpretability of captured images. Numerous models and methodologies have been developed to enhance medical images, ranging from traditional algorithms to complex deep learning frameworks. However, the effective implementation of these techniques often requires substantial expertise in computer science and image processing, which may pose a barrier for medical professionals who primarily focus on clinical practice. This thesis presents a novel prompt-assisted image enhancement model that integrates the LMSPEC and STTN techniques, augmented by BERT models equipped with added attention blocks. This innovative approach enables medical practitioners to specify desired image enhancements through natural language prompts, significantly simplifying the enhancement process. By interpreting and acting upon user-defined requests, the proposed model not only empowers clinicians with limited technical backgrounds to effectively enhance endoscopic images but also streamlines diagnostic workflows. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dedicated prompt-assisted image enhancement model specifically tailored for medical imaging applications. Moreover, the architecture of the proposed model is designed with flexibility in mind, allowing for the seamless incorporation of future image enhancement models and techniques as they emerge. This adaptability ensures that the model remains relevant and effective as the field of medical imaging continues to evolve. The results of this research contribute to the ongoing effort to make advanced image processing technologies more accessible to medical professionals, thereby enhancing the quality of care provided to patients through improved diagnostic capabilities.
- Circular economy: Tequila vinasse treatment for upcycling and downcycling(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-04) Ramos Reyes, María Fernanda; Gradilla Hernández, Misael Sebastián; Tuesta Popolizio, Diego A.; García Garcia, Christian Enrique; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; González López, Martin EstebanTequila is one of Mexico's most iconic distilled beverages, with a steadily growing industry that also embodies a significant cultural legacy. However, most tequila producers in the country face challenges in managing the waste generated during production due to the high costs of treatment and the low economic returns from by-products. This thesis begins by exploring the intricate relationships between tequila production and various industrial, environmental, and governmental sectors through a comprehensive mapping process. The second section examines the production of distillates, including bioethanol, tequila, and other alcoholic beverages, focusing on the treatment of substantial liquid waste known as vinasse, which is produced at a rate of 10-15 liters per liter of distilled product. This waste presents critical environmental challenges, such as eutrophication, soil pollution, and toxicity. A systematic review conducted in this thesis evaluates various pathways for valorizing distillery vinasse. The review includes 72 treatments involving ethanol industry vinasse, tequila vinasse, and their combinations with agro-industrial residues, categorized into three main valorization strategies: waste-to-energy, waste-to-food, and waste-to-product. Biotechnological treatments, such as two-stage anaerobic digestion and fungal anaerobic fermentation, achieved the highest yields and product diversity. Moreover, bacterial processes demonstrated significant potential for producing high-value products like polymers, enzymes, and proteins. The third part of this thesis is about an aerobic treatment in co-cultures and monocultures using strains like C. utilis, R. mucilaginosa, K. marxianus, A. niger, A. oryzae, and R. oligosporus were explored for contaminant removal and high-protein biomass production. The C. utilis and A. oryzae co-culture generated the best results at the tube scale, showing remotion up to 63.52% TN removal, 86.87% P removal, and 46.21% COD removal over 72 hours in the benchtop scale. A kinetic study modeled biomass growth using a biphasic Zwietering-modified Gompertz model, achieving a maximum protein of 47.27 g kg⁻¹. The thesis also explores other high-value products using this substrate, such as phenols, and the importance of these remotions.
- Cursos cortos de programación: una alternativa para aumentar la participación de la mujer en la tecnología en Colombia.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-13) Galán Vargas, Mónica Carolina; Tejeda Torres, Santa Esmeralda; emimmayorquin; No tiene campusLa brecha de género en el sector de tecnología sigue siendo un desafío global, y Colombia no es la excepción. El presente trabajo de grado estudia cómo los cursos cortos de programación, conocidos como bootcamps, pueden servir como una alternativa viable para aumentar la participación de las mujeres en la tecnología. A través de una investigación cualitativa realizada con cinco escuelas de codificación en Colombia, este estudio analiza las acciones e iniciativas que han contribuido a mejorar la inclusión de género en estos programas. Los resultados destacan factores claves que motivan a las mujeres a optar por cursos cortos, como su flexibilidad y enfoque práctico, así como su impacto positivo en la empleabilidad femenina. Sin embargo, también se identificaron desafíos significativos, como barreras culturales y estructurales que limitan el acceso y la retención de mujeres en estas iniciativas. El estudio concluye que, si bien los bootcamps ofrecen una vía alternativa efectiva para reducir la brecha de género en el sector, es necesario fortalecer las políticas de inclusión y diseñar estrategias más integrales para asegurar su sostenibilidad a largo plazo.
- Interactive recipe suggestions for diet and allergen management: utilizing llaMA with HEI and DQI for healthier eating(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-15) Estrada Beltrán, Diego; González Mendoza, Miguel; emipsanchez; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Domínguez Uscanga, Astrid; Hinojosa Cervantes, Salvador Miguel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyChoosing daily meals can be a complex and overwhelming task, especially when considering nutritional requirements, ingredient availability, preparation time, cooking complexity, dietary restrictions, and allergens. Inadequate nutrition is linked to a variety of health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and psychological disorders, highlighting the need for effective dietary management solutions. Existing machine learning approaches, such as food recommender systems, recipe generators, and recipe completion models, often focus on suggesting ingredients or generating recipes based on training data and with some ingredients to start from, but they typically do not address the challenge of creating complete daily meal plans that meet personalized nutritional needs. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), including Meta’s LLaMA, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, and Google’s Gemini, offers a promising new avenue for enhancing personalized meal recommendations due to their accessibility and interactive capabilities. This thesis introduces a novel system that leverages LLaMA 3.1 combined with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to provide daily meal suggestions tailored to individual users’ nutritional profiles, dietary preferences, and allergen restrictions. Our system evaluates meal recommendations against established nutritional metrics such as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Diet Quality Index (DQI) to ensure they align with dietary guidelines and promote healthy eating. Through the integration of LLaMA’s advanced language understanding and RAG’s contextual retrieval capabilities, the system delivers precise, personalized, and accessible meal recommendations, offering a practical tool for improving dietary management and supporting healthier eating habits. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in addressing the complexities of meal planning, making it a valuable resource for individuals seeking to optimize their dietary choices through informed and interactive guidance.
- Impact of Industry 4.0 on Small and Medium Enterprises: Evaluation of Maturity Indices and Implementation Methodologies(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Delgado González, Jessica; Román Flores, Armando; emimmayorquin; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Vázquez Hurtado, CarlosThe digital transformation driven by Industry 4.0 technologies is reshaping global economic and business paradigms. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico, which represent 99.8% of the country's economic units and contribute over 52% to its GDP, face significant barriers such as limited financial resources, technological gaps, and cultural resistance. These constraints, highlighted in recent studies, underscore the need for tailored tools to support their digitalization efforts. This thesis develops a digital maturity model specifically adapted to Mexican SMEs, integrating practical tools such as an assessment framework and a step-by-step action plan. The study begins by analyzing the theoretical foundations of Industry 4.0 and existing digital maturity models while addressing challenges unique to SMEs. Building on this foundation, the proposed model evaluates SMEs' current digital maturity and provides actionable recommendations through a simulation applied to a representative SME. The results demonstrate the model’s utility in identifying areas for improvement, fostering innovation, and enhancing competitiveness and sustainability in a globalized market. This work contributes academically by adapting global models to local contexts and practically by offering a replicable framework to bridge the digital divide in this critical economic sector.
- Development of a multi-component disjointed tissue culture system using three-dimensionally printed polymeric scaffolds and microfluidic pumping(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Romero Zepeda, Claudia Alejandra; Lozano Sánchez, Luis Marcelo; emipsanchez; Perfecto Avalos, Yacanxóchitl; García González, Alejandro; García Varela, Rebeca; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus León; Chaires Oria, Jorge IsaacIn-vitro cellular culture plays a crucial role in preclinical research. While cost-effective, the pre- vailing 2D culture approach falls short in simulating realistic cellular interactions when these cells are grown in different but interacting spaces. Organs-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices have been developed to address this limitation, creating controlled micro-environments that mimic in-vivo tissue interaction conditions. This research addressed designing and assessing a microfluidic chip device based on ad- ditive manufacturing to analyze fibroblast and monocyte cell interaction grown in a separate culture apparatus. The OoC devices were created using Computer-Aided Design (CAD), and additive manu- facturing strategies using translucent resin as constructive material. The developed chip consisted of 200 mm2 cell culture area, a glass window for monitoring, and two inlets and outlets for fluid transfer and sampling. An instrumented peristaltic micro-pumping system induces fluid motion through the tubing that connects the manufactured microchips. Here, we show the ability of the developed 3D printed system to culture different cell lines, allow treatment addition without disturbing the system, and connect with a continuous flow between the devices without generating detectable cellular stress by enzymatic quantification. Finally, the interconnected system communicates between fibroblast and monocyte cultures by connecting two chips with micropumps through microscopic and cellular stress markers in selected cell lines. This results in a prototype for a multi-organ-on-a-chip-like device.
- A computer-based method to estimate the level of sensitivity of typical somatosensorial responses(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11) Cepeda Zapata, Luis Kevin; Alonso Valerdi, Luz Maria; emipsanchez; Angulo Sherman, Irma Nayeli; Muñoz Ubando, Luis Alberto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Ibarra Zaratre, David IsaacUnderstanding somatosensory responses is fundamental to human interaction with the environment, yet quantitative tools for assessing typical tactile responses remain underdeveloped. This thesis introduces a novel computer-based method to evaluate somatosensory processing through electroencephalographic data, focusing on responses to different tactile stimuli. The project will be conducted in three stages: 1) registration of typical somatosensory evoked responses due to touch, air, and vibration in incremental intensities using electroencephalography, 2) validation of the prototypes to evoke tactile evoked potentials, 3) development and evaluation of a classification model to differentiate tactile stimuli and intensities. The study involved the creation of a database of Electroencephalographic recordings from 34 healthy adult volunteers exposed to air, vibration, and caress stimuli, under four diffrent intensity levels intensity levels. The neural responses were analyzed using Discrete Wavelet Transform and classified with machine learning models including K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron. For a generalized classification model, an accuracy of 72.6% was achieved for distinguishing stimulus type, 39.3% accuracy for intensity classification and 33.4% for both stimulus type and intensity. Individual classifiers for each subject had an increase in accuracy of 6-10%. Additionally, a deep learning model, EEGNet, was implemented, yielding similar results for stimulus type but lower performance for intensity. Analysis revealed significant inter-subject variability, with subject-specific models outperforming generalized ones, highlighting the need for individualized approaches in somatosensory assessments. This study offers a novel dataset and model framework, which enhances the understanding of neural tactile processing to advance sensory-based interfaces and diagnostic tools in neurophysiological research.
- Design and development of a biomimetic robot based on the UCA pugnax CRAB(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Arriaga Ventura, Daniel Alberto; Bustamente Bello, Martín Rogelio; emipsanchez; Navarro Tuch, Sergio Alberto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; López Aguilar, Ariel AlejandroThis research focused on developing a biomimetic robot modeled after the Uca Pugnax crab, utilizing a bottom-up approach that replicates the crab’s distinct locomotion and biomechanics. The primary objective was to create a robotic system capable of mimicking the crab’s movement and serving as a platform for further investigations into control systems, particularly in the implementation of bioinspired Central Pattern Generators (CPGs). By employing both Hopf and Kuramoto oscillator-based CPG systems, the robot’s locomotion was effectively demonstrated. The Kuramoto model, in particular, exhibited quicker convergence to the desired phase shifts, resulting in smoother and more reliable movement patterns. Comparative analysis of the reference trajectories generated by the CPG and the actual motor outputs revealed areas for optimizing controller performance, particularly in terms of response speed and amplitude precision. The robot’s morphology closely mirrored that of the crab, with an average proportional error of approximately 7.11%, indicating a successful bio-mimetic design. The robot’s movement dynamics also showed distinct functional push-and-pull motions, with clear advantages along different axes based on pinion position. Despite mechanical design constraints, such as the trade-off between manufacturing simplicity and accurate biomimicry, the robot’s overall performance demonstrated that biomimetic designs can effectively replicate crablike locomotion.
- Desarrollo de un material compuesto basado en metal "arcilla metálica" para aplicaciones de manufactura aditiva en la fabricación de microdispositivos(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) López Solís, Sergio Jesús; Segura Cárdenas, Emmanuel; emimmayorquin; Ulloa Castillo, Nicolas Antonio; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; Montañez Rodríguez, Abraham; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyEstá investigación explora el desarrollo y la validación de un compuesto metálico llamado “arcilla metálica” mediante fabricación aditiva por extrusión. Su objetivo es identificar los parámetros clave para la composición del material, el proceso de fabricación y las condiciones de sinterización. El estudio analiza la formulación del compuesto metálico, la adaptación de una impresora 3D para la extrusión y los hallazgos experimentales sobre materiales como Inconel 718 y acero inoxidable 316L. Se estudian y prueban varias proporciones de agua, polvo metálico y aglutinante orgánico para lograr una extruibilidad óptima, y el análisis termogravimétrico y espectroscópico ayuda a comprender las propiedades térmicas. El trabajo también evalúa las optimizaciones de la impresión 3D, incluidos los ajustes de la impresora, los tamaños de las boquillas y las resoluciones de impresión, y examina la fabricación de microcanales con un enfoque en la precisión y los procesos de sinterización para minimizar la porosidad. El estudio concluye con información sobre cómo mejorar la calidad y la reproducibilidad de la impresión, lo que contribuye a la fabricación de microdispositivos de arcilla metálica.
- Natural extract rich in betalains and polyphenols from Bougainvillea glabra bracts as natural pigments with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-29) Leal Alcazar, Mariana Cristina; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; emipsanchez; Mata Gómez, Marco Arnulfo; Escalante Aburto, Anayansi; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Rocha Pizaña, María del RefugioBetalains are a group of nitrogenous compounds produced by plants of the Caryophyllales order, as secondary metabolites derived from betalamic acid, characterized by their vibrant coloration in fruits, bracts, and leaves (red-violet, yellow). Their technological importance relies on their role as natural pigments, and high bioactivity potential (free-radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, gene regulators, and anti-diabetic properties), however, betalain sources have been limited to widely studied Beta vulgaris (beetroot). Polyphenols are the most abundant secondary metabolites and are characterized by a phenolic ring linked to a hydroxyl group in a complex structure, they can be found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. They are widely recognized as pigments with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activity, and a strong association with the gut microbiome. Bougainvillea glabra is an ornamental species of the family Nyctaginaceae, widely cultivated in Latin America, characterized for its intense bract coloration, still, its application as a functional ingredient and bioactive compound source remains understudied. The primary objective of the investigation was to evaluate the biological and technological potential of an extract rich in betalains and phenolic compounds from the industrially underexploited bracts of Bougainvillea glabra. B. glabra extract (BGE) was obtained using solid-liquid ultrasound-assisted extraction. The total betalain content in BGE was 0.118 mg total betalain content (TBC) per mg of bract powder, while the total polyphenol content was determined as 0.002 mg of TPC per meg of bract powder. The identification of phytochemicals was performed by UPLC chromatography linked to mass spectrometry in both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis. BGE scavenged ABTS radical with inhibition (p < 0.05) values ranging from 149-180 μM Trolox equivalents, an α-amylase test inhibition revealed a 27.9 % inhibition (p < 0.05) by BGE at 5 mg/mL. BGE had selective cytotoxicity effects of 30% GIE (growth inhibitory effect) on the Caco-2 cell line. BGE showed synergistic in vitro effects with cisplatin on Caco-2 cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy processes.
