Tesis

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Colección de Tesis y Trabajos de grado (informe final del proyecto de investigación, tesina, u otro trabajo académico diferente a Tesis, sujeto a la revisión y aceptación de una comisión dictaminadora) presentados por alumnos para obtener un grado académico del Tecnológico de Monterrey.

Para enviar tu trabajo académico al RITEC, puedes consultar este Infográfico con los pasos generales para que tu tesis sea depositada en el RITEC.

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Tesis de maestría
    Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects of micronutrient-biofortified chickpea sprouts: a potential functional ingredient for mitigating obesity-related alterations
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Espriu Corella, Susana María; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; emipsanchez; Reza Zaldívar, Edwin E.; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Serrano Sandoval, Sayra Nayely
    Obesity, a global health problem, involves excess body fat, inflammation, andoxidative stress. Despite high calorie intake, people with obesity often lack essential nutrients, a phenomenon known as "hidden hunger." Micronutrient supplementation, especially through germination biofortification, can improve micronutrient and antioxidant levels. Chickpeas are effective in this context due to their high isoflavone content, offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic properties, with biofortified selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) enhancing these health benefits. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects of Se and Zn biofortified chickpea flour digests to explore its potential as a functional ingredient for obesity-related improvements. The characterization of the isoflavones present before and after an in vitro digestion process was evaluated, along with the quantification of the concentrations (µg of mineral/ g of flour) and bioaccessibility (%) of minerals present. Also, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the chickpea flour digests was assessed. Moreover, the evaluation of nitric oxide production (%) in the RAW 264.7 cell-line was employed as an anti-inflammatory activity indicator. The evaluation of lipid accumulation through Oil Red O staining in the 3T3-L1 cell line was developed to determine an anti-adipogenic effect, the determination of glycerol release was assessed as an indicator of lipolysis, along with cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Finally, mRNA gene expressions were determined through qPCR. The Germinated Control presented higher percentages of mineral bioaccessibility. All treatments presented antioxidant activities from 86% to 90% (ABTS), and 27% to 35% (DPPH). All treatments presented significantly lower productions of nitric oxide, except for ZnSO4+Na2SeO3 (15.625 µg/mL). Cells treated with ZnSO4+Na2SeO3 chickpea digests at both concentrations presented significant lower percentages of
  • Tesis de maestría / master thesis
    Chickpea hydrolysates: flavor enhancers from vegetable protein
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Ceballos Rubio, Carlos Daniel; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; emipsanchez; Garza Aguilar, Sara Margarita; School of Engineering and Sciences; Rectoría Tec de Monterrey; Serrano Sandoval, Sayra Nayely
    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with excessive sodium intake being a major risk factor due to its link to hypertension. Efforts to reduce sodium in foods often face consumer rejection due to diminished flavor and texture. This study evaluates Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) hydrolysates as potential flavor enhancers to reduce sodium content while maintaining sensory ac-ceptance. Three chickpea types—non-germinated (Raw), germinated (G), and germi-nated with sodium selenite (GSe)—underwent enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme® at enzyme/substrate concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4%, for 2, 4, and 6 hours. Hydrolysis efficiency was measured by α-amino nitrogen (AAN) content, amino acid profiles were analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to fluorescence de-tector (UPLC-Flr), and antioxidant activity was assessed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ácido 2,2'-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (ABTS), and Oxygen Rad-ical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays. The highest AAN content (30.77 mg AAN/g) was achieved with GSe hydrolysates at 4% enzyme/substrate concentration and 5.27 hours. GSe also exhibited the highest umami amino acid content (60.15 nmol/mg), which was 1.52 times higher than Raw and 1.14 times higher than G under their optimal conditions. For antioxidant activity, ABTS inhibi-tion showed no significant differences (27.80–34.17%), while DPPH inhibition was high-est in G and GSe, outperforming Raw in all conditions. ORAC results showed a distinct behavior for GSe hydrolysates, reaching 263.80 μmol Trolox equivalents/mg under 2% enzyme concentration and 6 hours of hydrolysis, without the decline observed in Raw and G. In conclusion, selenium-enriched germinated chickpeas subjected to specific enzymatic hydrolysis conditions enhance umami amino acid content and antioxidant properties, sup-porting their potential as flavor enhancers to reduce dietary sodium intake.
  • Tesis de maestría
    Development of pomegranate seed oil nanoliposomes for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-09) Guerra Vázquez, Claudia Melissa; ANTUNES RICARDO, MARILENA; 387691; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; puelquio/mscuervo; Martínez Avila, Mariana; Serrano Sandoval, Sayra Nayely; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Guajardo Flores, Daniel
    Neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis are leading causes of disability, loss of life quality, and death worldwide. The loss of neuronal function and structure as well as mental impairments are the consequence of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain tissue. No definite treatment has been found, but numerous natural compounds have been proposed for disease delay, showing low to mild results. Punicic Acid (PuA), obtained from Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO), is one of the most potent antioxidants in the world, with high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The biggest problem for studying the effect of PuA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain is its low bioavailability because of its lack of permeability across the blood-brain barrier. In this Master's in biotechnology program project, we deviate from the classical approach of high content PuA PSO consumption for treating neurodegenerative diseases to a liposome-controlled release delivery system from brain tissue. The project was divided into three experimental phases. The first one was PSO extraction from pomegranate seeds using two methods: traditional solvent extraction with n-hexane and a more sustainable, green technology known as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using carbon dioxide as the solvent. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction of PSO provided the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity at 16.43% compared to n-hexane PSO extraction. Even though n-hexane obtained a higher yield and higher PuA content, longer extraction hours at high temperatures deteriorate PuA. The second stage was preparing a transferrin-conjugated PSO liposome delivery system (TF-PSO-Lip). The best size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were obtained at phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol of ratio of 2:1, the amplitude of 70%, pulses of 5 ON 5 OFF sec for 10 min, and a PSO% of 1%. The best encapsulation % at 60% was achieved at 1% PSO. The final size of the TF-PSO-Lip was 198.88 ± 6.72, and the z-potential of -36.98 ± 2.83 mV. The third and final stage of the experimentation process consisted of in-vitro assessments of the ScCO2 and n-hexane PSO, the liposome treatments with (TF-PSO-Lip), without transferrin (PSO-Lip), and without the oil (Lip), and PuA standard for cell viability, nitric oxide inhibition, cellular antioxidative activity, and cellular uptake on murine astrocyte (C8-D1A) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell culture, respectively. No treatment showed cytotoxicity. Liposomes with encapsulated PSO maintain the oil's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and provide a controlled release delivery system that delays PuA metabolism inside the cell.
  • Tesis de maestría
    Evaluation of in vitro bioactive properties of protein hydrolysates of brewers’ spent grain (BSG) obtained through solid-state fermentation using A. oryzae and functional characterization of BSG
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06) Acevedo Juárez, Sheccid; ANTUNES RICARDO, MARILENA; 387691; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; puemcuervo; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; Serrado Sandoval, Sayra Nayeli; Martínez Ávila, Mariana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Heredia Oléa, Erick
    Bioactive peptides are novel, highly selective, and effective signaling molecules that are used for different purposes depending on their activity, which can be, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-aging, among others. Peptides can be found in various sources such as animal products, plant-based foods and agro- industrial waste generated in processes. Mexico is the 4th largest beer producer in the world and generates about 2.4 billion kilograms of spent grain malt (BSG) per year. In this study, brewers spent grain without hops (BSG-0) and brewers spent grain with hops (BSG-H). These agro-industrial residues contain 23.81% and 20.59 % of proteins dry weight, which makes it a potential source for the production of functional peptides. Both matrices were used to develop solid state fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae for 5 days but best results according to protein concentration and DPPH radical scavenging activity were achieved after 4 days and for the non- fermented control for the BSG-H. After that a process of protein fractionation was carried out with a >3 kDa filters. Cosmeceutical effect as well as antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity were evaluated for each complete raw material and their respective fractions.
  • Tesis de maestría
    Effects of solid-state fermentation of pineapple peel with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and A. oryzae on the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-15) Martinez Alvarado, Lucio; ANTUNES RICARDO, MARILENA; 387691; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; puemcuervo; Lazo Vélez, Marco Antonio; Acevedo Pacheco, Laura; Vázquez Rodríguez, Benjamín; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Acosta Estrada, Beatriz Andrea
    The increase in cardiovascular diseases around the world, in addition to metabolic alterations derived from an inadequate diet, have highlighted the need to consume more nutritious and healthy foods that can also provide added value in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, there is an alarming increase in the amount of crop residues caused by bad management in several stages of the supply chain. Interestingly, most of the crop residues are rich in bioactive compounds that can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases. A fruit that is rich in bioactive compounds that have the potential to prevent these diseases, but is also incredibly wasted, is pineapple sub-products. Different strategies have been developed to take advantage of the potential of these residues rich in nutraceuticals through the enhancement of the content of nutraceutical compounds, as well as the increase of the bioavailability of them, in order to incorporate these residues as a functional ingredient in some foods. A nutraceutical enrichment technique that is suitable to take advantage of pineapple byproducts is solid-state fermentation. Solid-state fermentation has the potential to be an easy-to-scale method for the production of bioactive compounds from pineapple. In addition, because the microorganisms used are generally recognized as safe, their application in the industry is not limited. In this work, the effects of solid-state fermentation of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and A. oryzae on the release of phenolic compounds and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Pineapple peel extracts after solid-state fermentation had an increase on the release of phenolic compounds (248.11% with L. plantarum, 182% with A. oryzae, and 180.10% with L. rhamnosus), which led to an increase in the cellular antioxidant (81.94% with L. rhamnosus) and antiinflammatory potential (nitric oxide inhibition of 62% with L. rhamnosus) compared to non-fermented extracts. Solid-state fermentation of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and A. oryzae thrives a new approach for the production of bioactive compounds that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Which can be the precursors for novel biofortified, and nutraceutical enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health-conscious consumers
  • Tesis de maestría
    Development of pomegranate seed oil nanoliposomes for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Guerra Vázquez, Claudia Melissa; ANTUNES RICARDO, MARILENA; 387691; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; puelquio/mscuervo; Martínez Ávila, Mariana; Serrano Sandoval, Sayra Nayely; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Guajardo Flores, Daniel
    Neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis are leading causes of disability, loss of life quality, and death worldwide. The loss of neuronal function and structure as well as mental impairments are the consequence of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain tissue. No definite treatment has been found, but numerous natural compounds have been proposed for disease delay, showing low to mild results. Punicic Acid (PuA), obtained from Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO), is one of the most potent antioxidants in the world, with high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The biggest problem for studying the effect of PuA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain is its low bioavailability because of its lack of permeability across the blood-brain barrier. In this Master's in biotechnology program project, we deviate from the classical approach of high content PuA PSO consumption for treating neurodegenerative diseases to a liposome-controlled release delivery system from brain tissue. The project was divided into three experimental phases. The first one was PSO extraction from pomegranate seeds using two methods: traditional solvent extraction with n-hexane and a more sustainable, green technology known as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using carbon dioxide as the solvent. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction of PSO provided the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity at 16.43% compared to n-hexane PSO extraction. Even though n-hexane obtained a higher yield and higher PuA content, longer extraction hours at high temperatures deteriorate PuA. The second stage was preparing a transferrin-conjugated PSO liposome delivery system (TF-PSO-Lip). The best size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were obtained at phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol of ratio of 2:1, the amplitude of 70%, pulses of 5 ON 5 OFF sec for 10 min, and a PSO% of 1%. The best encapsulation % at 60% was achieved at 1% PSO. The final size of the TF-PSO-Lip was 198.88 ± 6.72, and the z-potential of -36.98 ± 2.83 mV. The third and final stage of the experimentation process consisted of in-vitro assessments of the ScCO2 and n-hexane PSO, the liposome treatments with (TF-PSO-Lip), without transferrin (PSO-Lip), and without the oil (Lip), and PuA standard for cell viability, nitric oxide inhibition, cellular antioxidative activity, and cellular uptake on murine astrocyte (C8-D1A) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell culture, respectively. No treatment showed cytotoxicity. Liposomes with encapsulated PSO maintain the oil's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and provide a controlled release delivery system that delays PuA metabolism inside the cell.
  • Tesis de maestría
    Selenoprotein hydrolysates from chickpea (Cicer arietnum L.) as a cosmeceutical ingredient
    (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-15) Jiménez Rodríguez, Antonio; ANTUNES RICARDO, MARILENA; 387691; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; puemcuervo; Chávez Santoscoy, Rocío Alejandra; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Guardado Félix, Daniela
    Skin aging represents a health problem due to the decreased protection function of the skin which leads to cuts and slow wound healing capacity, resulting in infections and skin diseases from dermatitis to skin cancer. About 80-90% of skin aging is related to chronic exposure to UV radiation, also called photoaging. During this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are overproduced, resulting in oxidative stress in the cells that activate extracellular matrix (ECM) protein degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Also, ROS may increase inflammation that also leads to degradation of collagen and elastin. Therefore, there is a need to find novel ingredients that can act against oxidative stress, inflammation, and inhibit the activity of MMPs. Chickpea selenoprotein hydrolysates have shown promising antioxidant activities which can be pontentially used in the regulation of skin aging. In this work, selenoprotein hydrolysates were obtained from the germination of kabuli type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with 2 mg of Na2SeO3 per 100 g of seeds for 48 hours. The resulting selenoprotein extract was hydrolyzed with alcalase, pepsin and trypsin for 180 min. An antioxidant screening, using DPPH, ORAC, iron chelation, superoxide and hydroxyl radical assays, was assessed to choose the best parameters to obtain the highest antioxidant hydrolysates. These parameters were pepsin for 60 min. The chickpea flour, the protein extract and hydrolysates were characterized by inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tricine-sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamyde gel electrophoresis (Tricine-SDS-PAGE) to quantify selenium, observe chemical changes in extraction process and size profile of proteins after hydrolysis, respectively. Also, selenoprotein hydrolysates were fractionated using a membrane cutoff of 10 kDa to observe the activity depending on their size. The hydrolysates presented the highest inhibitory activity of collagenase and elastase at 3 µg/mL, as well as the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Moreover, anti-inflammatory activity was shown at a concentration of 12.5 3 µg/mL. Finally, the hydrolysates were tested in an in vitro photoaging assay that consisted in the irradiation of UVA in three doses of 5 J cm-2, revealing that the hydrolysates increased the synthesis of collagen type I without UVA radiation. In summary, these selenoprotein hydrolysates are potential cosmeceutical ingredients for skin aging due to their effect in the different pathways that activates this condition as oxidative stress, inflammation, MMPs activity, besides the activation of collagen synthesis.
En caso de no señalar algo distinto de manera particular, los materiales son compartidos bajo los siguientes términos: Atribución-No comercial-No derivadas CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
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