Tesis
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/345119
Colección de Tesis y Trabajos de grado (informe final del proyecto de investigación, tesina, u otro trabajo académico diferente a Tesis, sujeto a la revisión y aceptación de una comisión dictaminadora) presentados por alumnos para obtener un grado académico del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Para enviar tu trabajo académico al RITEC, puedes consultar este Infográfico con los pasos generales para que tu tesis sea depositada en el RITEC.
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- Interactive recipe suggestions for diet and allergen management: utilizing llaMA with HEI and DQI for healthier eating(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-15) Estrada Beltrán, Diego; González Mendoza, Miguel; emipsanchez; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Domínguez Uscanga, Astrid; Hinojosa Cervantes, Salvador Miguel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyChoosing daily meals can be a complex and overwhelming task, especially when considering nutritional requirements, ingredient availability, preparation time, cooking complexity, dietary restrictions, and allergens. Inadequate nutrition is linked to a variety of health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and psychological disorders, highlighting the need for effective dietary management solutions. Existing machine learning approaches, such as food recommender systems, recipe generators, and recipe completion models, often focus on suggesting ingredients or generating recipes based on training data and with some ingredients to start from, but they typically do not address the challenge of creating complete daily meal plans that meet personalized nutritional needs. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), including Meta’s LLaMA, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, and Google’s Gemini, offers a promising new avenue for enhancing personalized meal recommendations due to their accessibility and interactive capabilities. This thesis introduces a novel system that leverages LLaMA 3.1 combined with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to provide daily meal suggestions tailored to individual users’ nutritional profiles, dietary preferences, and allergen restrictions. Our system evaluates meal recommendations against established nutritional metrics such as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Diet Quality Index (DQI) to ensure they align with dietary guidelines and promote healthy eating. Through the integration of LLaMA’s advanced language understanding and RAG’s contextual retrieval capabilities, the system delivers precise, personalized, and accessible meal recommendations, offering a practical tool for improving dietary management and supporting healthier eating habits. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in addressing the complexities of meal planning, making it a valuable resource for individuals seeking to optimize their dietary choices through informed and interactive guidance.
- Desarrollo de una App para registro de síntomas asociados al hábito defecatorio(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-11-25) Camarena Mora, Sandra Erica; Sánchez Avila, Maria Teresa; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Uribe Ortiz, Leslie Valeria; Cura Esquivel, Idalia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Chávez Caraza, Karla LorenaLas patologías digestivas funcionales son enfermedades crónicas que tienen una alta prevalencia en la población pediátrica, siendo el Estreñimiento Funcional la que persiste a través de las etapas de la vida. Requiere de un tratamiento prolongado y exige compromiso por parte del paciente y sus familiares para mantener un buen estilo de vida. El involucrar a los pacientes en el tratamiento de su enfermedad, ha demostrado una mejoría en el control de la misma. El uso de Diarios Defecatorios es una herramienta a la que recurre el médico para valorar los ajustes en el tratamiento, sin embargo, estos se hacen de forma tradicional en papel y suele ser común perderlo u olvidar llevarlo a la consulta. Alrededor del mundo, la población ha mostrado un incremento en el interés de uso de Apps móviles para monitorizar su salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una aplicación para dispositivos móviles (App) que sirva como diario de síntomas asociados a alteraciones del hábito defecatorio, en idioma español y con respaldo de la comunidad médica. Este estudio se clasifica como experimental y replicativo. Para desarrollar el contenido de la App, se realizó un cuestionario por metodología Delphi con un grupo de gastroenterólogos. Una vez creado y aprobado, se solicitó a un experto en creación de contenido digital la realización del App. Generando el App Def Stat en su versión piloto, disponible para Android y iOS. Para valorar la calidad de la App, se utilizó el instrumento MARS (Mobile App Rating Scale) adaptado y validado al español por el Hospital de Chirón en Andalucía España. Utilizando sus mismos criterios de aceptabilidad. Se reclutaron a todos los pacientes menores de 18 años con diagnóstico de estreñimiento funcional realizado por un gastroenterólogo en los hospitales: Hospital San José- Tecnológico de Monterrey o en el Hospital Zambrano Hellion- Tecnológico de Monterrey en el periodo de Junio - Septiembre 2022 que contaran con un dispositivo móvil. Quienes debían descargar y usar el App Def Stat por 10 días y finalmente realizaron la evaluación MARS modificada. Se reclutó a un total de 32 pacientes de los cuales 20 terminaron el estudio. Concluyendo que la App Def Stat versión piloto es la primera herramienta digital existente, en idioma Español, desarrollada para el registro de síntomas del hábito defecatorio, y en proceso de evaluación por un equipo de gastroenterólogos. Es considerada por los usuarios como una herramienta necesaria, buena y útil.
- Ultrasound technology for the modification of red raspberry by-products: effects on techno-functional and nutraceutical characteristics.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-10-25) Martínez Solano, Karla Corina; MARTINEZ SOLANO, KARLA CORINA; 785356; García Amézquita, Luis Eduardo; emipsanchez; Tejada Ortigoza, Viridiana Alejandra; García García, Rebeca María; Morales de la Peña, Mariana; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; García Cayuela, TomásRaspberries are one of the fruits with the most economical relevance for the state of Jalisco in Mexico. However, it has been estimated that around 37% of the total production does not comply with the minimum quality standards to be eligible for commercialization or exportation. These by-products may enhance the generation of novel ingredients with unique techno-functional properties and nutraceutical characteristics. Furthermore, consumer’s demand for healthier foods have increased in the last years. It represents an opportunity to incorporate ingredients, such as fruit and vegetables’ powders (FVP) and phenolic compounds into food formulations. Ultrasound (US) processing is increasingly used for the modification of dietary fiber (DF) characteristics and phenolic composition of fruit and vegetable matrixes. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic treatments on the dietary fiber content, proximate, and phenolic composition, techno-functional properties and antioxidant capacity of red raspberry by-products’ powder (RP). A three factorial Box-Behnken design including as variables the liquid and solid ratio (LS; 10:1, 20:1, 30:1 mL:g), processing time (20, 30, 40 min), and US-amplitude (50, 75, 100%) was conducted to study changes in total (TDF), high molecular soluble (SDFP) and insoluble (IDF) dietary fiber contents, water-/oil holding capacity (WHC/OHC), solubility (SOL), swelling capacity (SC), tap density (TP), hygroscopic properties, total phenolic (TPC) and anthocyanin (TAC) content and scavenging capacity in terms of DPPH and ABTS. Finally, this study evaluated the effect of RP as fat replacer on the textural and sensory characteristics on ice cream mixes. Results showed that all studied US conditions solubilized IDF and increased the SDF:IDF ratio. WHC and OHC increased, whereas TP decreased at almost all the US conditions employed. SOL and SC values did not show a unique behavior when compared to that of the non-US treated (N-UST) RP. Adsorption and desorption isotherms of RP showed a type III classification of BET and N-UST RP displayed higher equilibrium moisture content over all the aw values studied. The maximum recovery of phenolic compounds (4632.7 μg GAE/g db) was achieved using 100% US-amplitude, for 30 min with a LS ratio of 10:1 mL:g and the highest TAC (1883.9 μg CGE/g db) value was achieved by applying 75% US-amplitude, for 20 min at 20:1 mL:g LS ratio. No correlations were found between TPC, TAC and RP’s antioxidant activity. Ice cream supplemented with RP showed lower overrun values and greater melting resistance compared with control ice cream (without RP). Finally, addition of RP improved sensory characteristics of ice creams with the rating resembling to one of high-fat product.
- Optimization of nanocomposite hydrogels for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-11-24) Villalba Rodríguez, Angel Manuel; Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad Nasir; RR/tolmquevedo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Parra-Saldívar, RobertoIn the present, diabetic foot ulcers are a very common pathology all around the world, and most products in the market offer to solve a specific need for the patient such as battling infection or allowing wound debridement. In such regard biomaterial-based nano cues with multi-functional characteristics have been engineered with high interests around the globe. The ease in fine tunability with maintained compliance makes an array of nanocomposite biomaterials outstanding candidates for the biomedical sector of the modern world. In this context, the present work intends to tackle the necessity of alternatives for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers through the formulation of nanoclay/polymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels. Laponite RD, a synthetic 2-Dimensional nanoclay that becomes inert when in physiological environment, while mixed with water, becomes a clear gel with interesting shear-thinning properties. Optimization of the hydrogel formulation is approached by preparing the samples at several concentration ratios (Nanoclay-Chitosan and Nanoclay-Gelatin; 35-95% of nanoclay in steps of 15%), where the mechanical properties such as viscosity, shear-thinning and injectability are observed to change. Zero shear viscosity of the samples was calculated by the Cross Model Equation, and was observed to increase for the chitosan samples as the nanoclay ratio increased (3.41x103 - 6.44x104 Pa⋅s at 35-65% of nanoclay, respectively) and then decreasing after that concentration of nanoclay. Gelatin had the opposite behavior, while both formulations having a zero shear viscosity of ~3.5x104 Pa⋅s at 95% of nanoclay. Injection force values of the samples in 3 mL plastic syringes with 20G needles, ranged between 1 and 4 N in average, approximately. Adding Laponite RD to chitosan or gelatin, allows for the modification of mechanical properties of such materials. The setup explored in this research allows for a promising polymeric matrix that can potentially be loaded with active compounds for antibacterial support in foot ulcers, as well as enzymes for wound debridement.
- Implantable platform with in-situ vascularization and localized immunosuppression for allogeneic cell transplantation.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-04) Páez Mayorga,Jesús; PAEZ MAYORGA, JESUS; 778572; tolmquevedo; Nichols, Joan E.; Cuevas Díaz Durán, Raquel; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Grattoni, AlessandroAllogeneic islet transplantation for diabetes management faces the challenge of preventing immune rejection while maintaining enough graft oxygenation for proper metabolic function. Islet encapsulation within membranes impermeable to immune cells prevents rejection at the expense of optimal graft oxygenation. Conversely, direct vascularization avoids hypoxia but requires systemic administration of toxic immunosuppressive drugs. To overcome this problem, we developed the subcutaneously implantable NICHE platform, which integrates in situ graft vascularization and local immunosuppressant delivery, for long-term islet engraftment. NICHE, 3D-printed in nylon, is comprised of independent drug and cell reservoirs separated by a nanoporous membrane. The membrane allows steady local diffusion of immunosuppressant from the drug reservoir into the cell reservoir. Enhanced NICHE vascularization was assessed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in rats and non-human primates (NHP). Tunability of antibody and peptide release from NICHE was tested in vitro. Transplantation of allogeneic islets into prevascularized NICHE with localized co-delivery of anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) and CTLA4Ig was evaluated in immunocompetent diabetic rats. NICHE loaded with MSC had dense vascularity within the cell reservoir by 4 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in rats and NHP. In vitro drug release was tuned via modification of membrane exchange area and drug concentration loaded. In diabetic rats, localized co-delivery of ALS and CTLA4Ig protected allogeneic islets, resulting in reversal to euglycemic state for at least 60 days. Transplanted rats with NICHE responded to glucose challenge comparable to healthy controls and had significantly higher c-peptide levels than no-implant diabetic controls, demonstrating full graft function. ALS-CLTA4Ig co-delivery via NICHE localized drug at the transplant site with limited accumulation in plasma and peripheral tissues, avoiding potential toxicity. Moreover, circulating lymphocyte population remained intact, indicating rats were not systemically immunosuppressed. NICHE is an effective platform for islet allotransplantation with promising adaptability for use with other cell types and pathologies.
- Electrospinning of polyhydroxybutyrate nanofibers for antibiotic delivery.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020) Rueda Munguía, Mayte; VERGARA PORRAS, BERENICE; 208100; LOPEZ CUELLAR, MA. DEL ROCIO; 172947; ALMANZA ARJONA, YARA CECILIA; 161427; Vergara Porras, Berenice; mtycarevalo; López Cuellar, Ma. del Rocío; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Estado de México; Almanza Arjona, Yara CeciliaPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) is one of the members of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) polyesters. This polymer can be synthetized by organisms such as bacteria, plants, algae, among others. In pharmacology, P3HB has several advantages when used in Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) being the main, its biocompatibility, its degradation without residual toxic substances and also it is one of the materials that can be an alternative instead of using non-biodegradable traditional polymers. In the present work, electrospinning technique was used to synthetize P3HB nanofibers for drug delivery. Due to this system has not been proved before studies were carried out to determine the bests operation conditions for coaxial electrospinning. Nanofibers where prepared using dimethylformamide (DMF) and chloroform (CHCl3) as solvents. This research explores the feasibility of electrospun nanofibers as drug delivery scaffold system in its basic context and for that reason ciprofloxacin (CPF) was used as model drug to be incorporated into the P3HB nanofibers. The obtained nanofibers mats were analyzed. The chemical structure and morphology of drug loaded biofilms were analyzed by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. Finally, the antibacterial effect of the system was analyzed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the fibers.
- The enhancement of the health potential of prickly pear fruits with the use of high hydrostatic pressure(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06-05) Gómez Maqueo Cerecer, Andrea; GOMEZ MAQUEO CERECER, ANDREA; 692751; Welti Chanes, Jorge; emipsanchez; Jacobo Velázquez, Daniel A.; García Cayuela, Tomás; Martín Cabrejas, María Ángeles; Hector Campanella, Osvaldo; Fornari Reale, Tiziana; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Cano Dolado, M. PilarPrickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.) fruits are low-cost, sustainable sources of bioactive compounds which could contribute to the reduction of risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, for prickly pears to exert mentioned health benefits, bioactive compounds must be first released from the food matrix, transformed in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed by our bodies. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an innovative food processing technology which affects the microstructure of the foods and modifies/ruptures intracellular compartments where bioactive compounds are located. Thus, contributing to their immediate release as well as to their release in the gastrointestinal tract in early, intermediate or late stages of digestion. The aim of this dissertation was to enhance the health potential of prickly pear fruits with the use of HHP by increasing the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds. To achieve this goal, the following topics were thoroughly assessed: (i) the characterization and quantification of bioactive compounds (betalains, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and ascorbic acid) in different Mexican and Spanish prickly pear fruits; (ii) the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic and delipidating activity of their extracts and of their main isolated bioactive compounds; (iii) the effect of HHP on target bioactive compounds in prickly pear fruits, their bioactivity and microstructure; and (iv) the in vitro digestive stability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in control and HHP-treated prickly pear fruits. On one hand, pulps were studied due to their importance as the edible fraction of the fruit. Meanwhile, peels were evaluated because they may be used as by-products to obtain healthy ingredients. The major finding of this dissertation was that HHP could, in fact, enhance the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in prickly pear fruits, thus contributing to their health potential. The studies included in this dissertation have been carried out hoping to contribute to the use of innovative technologies for the development of healthy foods so that we can live longer and healthier lives.