Tesis
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/345119
Colección de Tesis y Trabajos de grado (informe final del proyecto de investigación, tesina, u otro trabajo académico diferente a Tesis, sujeto a la revisión y aceptación de una comisión dictaminadora) presentados por alumnos para obtener un grado académico del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Para enviar tu trabajo académico al RITEC, puedes consultar este Infográfico con los pasos generales para que tu tesis sea depositada en el RITEC.
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- Robust fault-tolerant control in offshore wind turbines for actuator and sensor faults with advanced sliding mode controllers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-14) Nieves Arellano, Victor Hugo; Garza Castañon, Luis Eduardo; emipsanchez; Castañeda Cuevas, Hernán; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Minchala Ávila, Luis IsmaelClean energies as a source of power generation have grown in recent years as a solution for climate change. One of the most notable power sources is the use of wind turbines, especially those installed offshore, since their driving force is abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, and they do not generate any emissions when operating. However, faults on different parts of the turbines are common and of particular importance in the hydraulic pitch system since they occur due to air in the system or stuck sensors, causing downtime and reducing the reliability of the system. These interruptions can result not only in high maintenance and repair costs but also in reduced renewable energy production, affecting the reliability and economic viability of wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. To address these challenges, it is crucial to develop robust and fault-tolerant control systems that maintain optimal operation of offshore wind turbines even under adverse conditions, thus ensuring their effective contribution to the transition towards a more sustainable and clean energy matrix. This thesis work addresses the challenge of ensuring robust and fault-tolerant control in offshore wind turbines, specifically in the context simultaneous and multiple failures in the blade control system. Two robust con- trollers based on sliding modes were developed: one using a PID+ST technique and the other employing a PID+ASM. These controllers were extensively compared with a baseline PI con- troller to evaluate their performance under faulty conditions. The research focused on a 5MW wind turbine, employing a simulation approach using tools such as FAST, MATLAB, and Simulink. Detailed analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the proposed controllers to maintain system performance and stability in the presence of blade control system fail- ures. The results demonstrated that both robust controllers showed significant improvements in terms of constant power generation and maintaining constant generator speed. However, it was observed that the controller based on adaptive sliding modes outperformed Super Twist-ing in terms of overall performance. This finding suggests that the adaptive approach offers better responsiveness and adaptability to variable and complex conditions in marine environ- ments. This study contributes to the advancement in the design and development of robust and fault-tolerant control systems for offshore wind turbines, with significant implications for improving the reliability and operational efficiency of such systems in critical and challenging environments.
- El potencial formativo del cine, estrategias para cultivar las capacidades de crecimiento humano contenidas en la narrativa audiovisual(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-10-25) Echeverria Navarro, Gustavo; Domínguez Cáceres, Roberto; emimmayorquin; Carrillo Cal y Mayor, Juan Carlos; Escuela de Humanidades y Educación; Campus Ciudad de México; Camargo Castillo, Javier AlejandroEsta tesis explora el uso del cine como una herramienta pedagógica en la educación media superior en México. A medida que los adolescentes tienen acceso constante a películas y series, surge la pregunta central de la investigación: ¿Qué beneficios específicos pueden obtenerse de estos productos audiovisuales en el estudio de las humanidades? El objetivo principal de la investigación es proporcionar a los docentes de humanidades una metodología didáctica de análisis cinematográfico que permita enriquecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y contribuir al crecimiento personal de los estudiantes. Para ello se considera que la narrativa audiovisual no solo es un medio de entretenimiento, sino que, al ser un objetvo cultural, también desempeña un papel relevante en la formación de la identidad y la agencia de los espectadores. A partir de lo anterior se desarrolla un modelo de análisis cinematográfico que integra categorías teóricas y técnicas para ayudar a los docentes a guiar a sus estudiantes a una comprensión más profunda de los contenidos del curso. Este modelo se basa en la premisa de que el cine puede ser un vehículo eficaz para explorar temáticas relevantes, fomentando la empatía y el pensamiento crítico. Además, se presentan estrategias didácticas concretas que facilitan la vinculación entre las narrativas cinematográficas y los temas del currículo de humanidades durante la sesión de clase. Al hacerlo, esta investigación busca promover un diálogo enriquecedor entre los estudiantes y el contenido académico, permitiendo que el cine no solo sea un recurso de aprendizaje, sino también una herramienta para el desarrollo integral del estudiante.
- Impact of ESG Scores on Stock Returns: studies looking into the COVID-19 Pandemic, ESG Momentum, Region & Firm Size(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-27) Escobar Saldívar, Luis Jacob; Santillán Salgado, Roberto Joaquín; emimmayorquin; Saucedo de la Fuente, Eduardo; Amorós Espinosa, José Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus Monterrey; Villarreal Samaniego, DacioThe question of whether a socially responsible company is inherently more profitable, or if being a responsible corporate citizen negatively affects financial performance, has been a matter of enduring interest. The literature contains arguments both in favor and against the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on a firm’s stock returns, as a measure of financial performance. Empirical reports attempting to disentangle these effects show mixed results. All the studies in this dissertation tackle this question and are consistent with the segment of the literature that finds a negative relationship between ESG and stock returns. However, each study digs deeper into this relationship contributing with a contrast between ESG and ESG Momentum, a comprehensive analysis of ESG and its components across regions and firm sizes, and an analysis of ESG’s impact during the COVID-19 pandemic. Return and its related volatility are the central elements that define an investment, and the suitable balance between these two variables is contingent upon each investor profile. Chapter 2 aims to explore the relationship between ESG ratings and the change in ESG scores, or ESG Momentum, concerning both returns and risk of a sample of 3,856 stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. The analysis employs a dataset spanning 20 years of quarterly information, from December 2002 to December 2022. We applied multi-factor models and tested them through pooled ordinary, fixed effects, and random effects panel regression methods. The main implication of our findings is that while high ESG scores are associated with lower stock returns in the long run, an improvement in a company’s ESG score tends to yield immediate positive returns. So, the primary contribution of this research lies in the revelation that ESG Momentum has a significant positive impact on stock returns. This might explain why the literature has some mixed results, since some of them could confound the effects of ESG scores and ESG Momentum. A longstanding debate in finance centers on whether social responsibility has an influence on a firm’s long-term profitability. The study in Chapter 3 aims to provide a broad viewpoint of the relationship between ESG, its individual components, and stock returns. It examines time-entity observations from December 2014 to December 2023 for European and US companies, applying panel regression models to analyze the data collectively, by region, and by firm size. The findings consistently reveal a negative relationship between ESG ratings, their individual components, and stock returns, which we attribute to both risk reduction from social responsibility and decreased profitability due to the associated costs of ESG policies implementation. ESG and its individual pillars’ coefficients used as explanatory variables of stock returns are significant in most cases, with some exceptions for the governance and environmental pillars. In the case of the environmental pillar, the results reveal it has a stronger influence in Europe, across firm sizes while, in the US that influence is observed among larger companies only. In the case of governance, the observed variations are consistent with the argument of different ownership structures across regions, and evolving investor concerns as firms grow, with the influence being stronger in Midcaps of both regions and in US Large Caps. The study in Chapter 4 analyzes the relationship of firm-level Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) scores and stock returns from a worldwide database of the automotive industry. It measures the significance of the ESG and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) relationship during the last decade and includes a comparison of those firms with different levels of ESG scores, as well as between firms with ESG scores and firms that lack such scores. A quasi-experimental difference-in-differences (DID) design, and panel data regressions are estimated to examine the impact of ESG scores and ESG Combined (ESGC1) scores on firms’ stock returns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The results suggest that sustainable policies during the pandemic lessened stock returns, as evidenced by the negative coefficients of the ESGC and ESG scores. The interaction terms of ESGC and ESG with firm size had a positive relationship with stock returns during the pandemic. Thus, larger firms’ returns benefited from higher ESG scores during the COVID-19 crisis. This research in the context of the COVID-19 sanitary emergency is an original contribution to the literature on the ESG-CFP relationship.
- Market reactions to North American economic indicators: comparison of the financial crisis versus the COVID 19 crisis(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-13) Agatón Lombera, Dante Iván; Núñez Mora, José Antonio; López Cabrera, Jesús Antonio; Amorós Espinosa, José Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus Ciudad de México; Cerecedo Hernández, DanielThis paper presents a comparative analysis of the impact of economic crises on the development of financial markets, focusing on the United States and specifically on the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. It is divided into four chapters that examine the nature, causes, consequences, and responses to such crises. The first chapter establishes a replicable methodology for analyzing the impact of crises at the micro- and macro-temporal levels, focusing on the subprime and COVID-19 crises. The second chapter examines the nature and causes of economic crises, highlighting the importance of identifying patterns and trends to prevent future crises. The need for supervision and regulation to address vulnerabilities in the financial system is emphasized. The third chapter defines relevant financial indicators and reviews previous studies to better understand the impact of crises on these indicators, providing guidance for investors, regulators, and policymakers. A comparative analysis of the subprime and COVID-19 financial and health crises in the United States reveals notable differences in their impact on financial indicators and the broader economy. The subprime crisis triggered a climate of financial panic, with high volatility and a marked decline in the valuation of financial indices, affecting both aggregate supply and demand. In contrast, the COVID-19 crisis generated turbulence in the markets, albeit to a lesser extent, focusing mainly on aggregate supply due to supply chain disruptions and production constraints. These results highlight the importance of understanding the specificities of each crisis in order to adopt effective public policies that promote financial and economic stability. In terms of policies, it recommends the implementation of flexible and adaptive strategies that address the specific needs of each crisis, including measures to promote economic growth and improve consumer confidence. It also emphasizes the need for stabilization policies that counteract adverse effects on aggregate supply and demand, maintain macroeconomic stability, and promote an environment conducive to long-term investment and development. These approaches can help mitigate the adverse effects of future crises by strengthening the economy's ability to withstand and recover from economic and financial shocks. Finally, the fourth chapter proposes a methodology for analyzing financial returns during crises, facilitating a quantitative assessment of the impact of specific market events. The paper concludes that economic crises, such as the 2008 and COVID-19 crises, pose significant challenges for firms and workers, exacerbate financial insecurity, and highlight the need for inclusive and equitable policies. It also underlines the importance of flexible and adaptive economic policies, as well as a detailed assessment of the impact of crises on financial markets, to promote long-term economic and financial stability. The findings of this analysis offer valuable insights for decision-making in both investment and economic policy. It is evident that the effective management of the risks associated with crises is of paramount importance in order to mitigate their adverse impacts and to facilitate the sustainable economic and social recovery that is so crucial for the future of any nation.
- Costeo y Administración de Proyectos(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) López Páez, Eduardo; Administrador de proyectos; emimmayorquin; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyUna de las claves para que una empresa pueda seguir creciendo y no desaparecer, es lograr incrementar sus ventas a través de la innovación. Hoy en día para todo tipo de industrias hay mucha competencia tanto nacional como internacional y la clave para poder lograr separarse de la competencia es innovar. Prolamsa es una empresa que se dedica a la fabricación de tubería de acero y a la transformación de placa en diferentes formas. Hay una necesidad de poder tener una propuesta para una adecuada visualización y balanceo de proyectos. Por lo mismo hoy en día se desconoce cuánto cuesta iniciar, desarrollar, implementar y dar seguimiento a un proyecto nuevo y por ende también se desconoce el presupuesto que debería de tener el departamento para un año de trabajo. En este trabajo se presentas soluciones a las siguientes tres necesidades, balancear la carga de trabajo, obtener el costo de la administración de proyectos y obtener el presupuesto del departamento de proyectos para un año futuro. A lo largo del trabajo se verán diferentes desarrollos de soluciones, el análisis, la implementación, los resultados, la comparación y las conclusiones de los mismos. Estas herramientas podrán ayudar a tener una mejor planeación, un mejor balance del departamento, un mejor balance de carga del personal que integra el departamento, también se podrá tener el costo de los proyectos lo cual ayudará a entender cuanto se le está invirtiendo por proyecto. La administración de proyectos es algo que semana a semana tiene actualizaciones, cambios y se necesitan hacer ajustes por esto mismo estas herramientas serán de vital importancia en un departamento que recibe e implementa cientos de proyectos por año.
- Estudio clínico fase I/II-A para evaluar la tolerabilidad, seguridad y eficacia de una formulación de polifenoles contenidos en el extracto de arándano azul en conjunto con omega 3 en paciente con ojo seco y moderado(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05-29) Ng Alemán, Dalia Denisse; Altamirano Vallejo, Juan Carlos; emimmayorquin; Navarro Partida, Jose; Gonzalez de la Rosa, Alejandro; Anaya Prado, Roberto; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Santos Garcia, ArturoLa distribución mundial de la enfermedad de ojo seco (EOS), su prevalencia y potencial daño al epitelio corneal la han convertido en un problema de salud pública; a razón de nuestra exposición a la luz de monitores esta problemática ha aumentado, y la investigación sobre terapias eficaces se ha convertido en una necesidad. Debido al potencial terapéutico sobre el estrés oxidativo del medio ocular, así como para la regulación de la cascada inflamatoria los polifenoles son la propuesta en la investigación enfocada en prevenir o controlar el padecimiento. Desarrollamos un ensayo clínico aleatorizado donde los participantes fueron asignados a uno de cuatro grupos para estudiar el efecto de la formulación oral con polifenoles contra placebo, en ausencia o conjunto con lubricante; realizamos evaluaciones clínicas al inicio y al primer y tercer meses de seguimiento en los que verificamos la seguridad y tolerancia del tratamiento e implementamos pruebas específicas para medir su eficacia. Observamos mejora con significancia estadística en todos los tiempos de evaluación en la prueba de OSDI para ambos grupos de tratamiento (grupo formulación y grupo formulación y lubricante), de igual manera en el tercer mes para la puntuación del tiempo de ruptura del desgarro de la película no invasiva (NIF-BUT) y el tiempo de ruptura promedio no invasivo (NIAvg-BUT), así como en la prueba de Schirmer y tinción de verde lisamina y cálculo de osmolaridad lagrimal. Los grupos placebo no mostraron impacto en la mejora. Concluimos que la formulación oral con polifenoles es eficaz como tratamiento primario, mejora los síntomas de estrés visual y el estado de la película lacrimógena, y en tratamiento conjunto con lubricante es superior a la combinación del placebo y las lágrimas artificiales.
- Establishing optimal parameters for tissue engineered corneal endothelium(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06) Becerril Rojas Itzel Guadalupe; Zavala Arcos, Judith; emipsanchez; Cuevas Díaz Durán, Raquel; Montalvo Parra, María Dolores; Martínez Ledesma, Juan Emmanuel; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Valdez García, Jorge EugenioLack of proliferative capacity of corneal endothelial cells (CEC) is associated with loss of corneal transparency, compromising visual acuity. Corneal transplantation is required to restore vision; however, the donor shortage worldwide limits this strategy. Tissue engineering is a promising approach that lacks standardization methods, making the transition from bench to bedside complex. This study sets parameters for optimal engineered construct production for endothelium regeneration based on Collagen Vitrigel Membranes (CVM) and CEC. We evaluated i)Biomaterial characterization, ii)Primary cell culture standardization Rabbit CEC (RCEC), and iii)Tissue engineering cell proliferation assay, NR (Neutral Red). This project was conducted through 3 stages: i) CVM for production, collagen concentration; 1x,2x, and 3x were tested; material transmittance, cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and degradability membrane assay. ii) For procurement of cornea (enucleation vs. cornea-scleral ring segment) and RCEC culture expansion (Opti-MEM vs. MEM) were evaluated for optimization iii) CMV-CEC engineered corneal endothelium construct; different cell densities (2500, 5000, and 7000 cells/mm2) were seeded in 2x CMV over 5 days. NR assay was performed to evaluate cell growth concentration. Paired and unpaired t-tests were performed to evaluate the significant difference between the cell growth concentrations during time. Results described per stages as previously described: i) CVM production using 2x shows a transmittance above 95% and better cell adherence and proliferation than 1x and 3x. A centrifugal method is a good way to study cell-attached populations, which allows us to test the cell adhesion capacity of the membrane. ii) For RCEC isolation, enucleation is a better method for sample isolation than cornea-scleral ring. Cell circularity is higher cultured with MEM medium than with OptiMEM. Moreover, ~1,100 cells/mm2 is the minimum to guarantee the highest cell density monolayer with a hexagonal pattern. iii) No significant difference has been shown in cell proliferation with and without CVM (p>0.05). There are significant differences in cell loss from day 2 to 3 for all cell densities (p= 0.00388, p=0.00404, p= 0.04371); however, middle density shows better cell proliferation behavior. In conclusion, for optimal tissue-engineered corneal endothelium, seed on CMV 2x of 5,000 cells/mm2 with OptiMEM for 2 days to guarantee hexagonal cells above 22,100 cellsmm2. These findings contribute by setting the parameters to produce a construct that could be used for transplantation for future pre-clinical models.
- Tool Condition Monitoring System for Competitive Aluminum Milling(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Navarro Macías, Horacio Armando; Morales Menendez, Ruben; emimmayorquin; Guedea Elizalde, Federico; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Vallejo Guevara, Antonio Jr.In recent years, the auto parts industry has experienced a significant transformation, transitioning from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles, influenced by the Connected, Autonomous, Shared, and Electric (CASE) technologies trends. This shift is increasing the demand for advanced components like sensors and ECUs, requiring enhanced manufacturing techniques such as die casting and machining. However, North American manufacturers face a risk in competitiveness due to must of this mechanical parts are supplied by Asian suppliers, posing risks to increase manufacturing cost related to tariffs and logistics. To stay competitive and embrace these trends, North America needs to establish a CASE manufacturing hub to localize production. Denso is a Japanese mobility supplier that has provided advanced automobile technologies, components, and systems to major manufacturers since 1949, operating in 38 countries Denso (1 10). Established in 1996, Denso México (DNMX) has grown significantly, with four plants—two in northern Mexico, one in Silao, and a recent addition in Irapuato. As of March 2023, DNMX employs over 7,000 people, making it one of the largest facilities within Denso North America and playing a key role in the North American market for CASE products (Connected, Autonomous, Shared, and Electric vehicles). To improve competitiveness in the auto-parts and support the localization of parts the strategy of DNMX is to focus on enhancing the Monozukuri spirit1. The approach involves establishing a manufacturing foundation thru integration of advance industry 4.0 strategies, including IoT, automation, and data analytics, to optimize processes and improve efficiency and quality. In the context of CASE, the emphasis is on producing essential components like aluminum-machined cases for electric parts and inverter motors. To gain a competitive advantage, there is a significant investment in advanced technologies for machining processes, aiming to ensure cost efficiency, enhance productivity, maintain quality, and extend tool life. The real-time autonomous Tool Condition Monitoring System (TCMS) is a key element of this strategy, enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI), which leverages machine learning to analyze real-time data, predict tool wear, and prevent potential failures. The development and deployment of the AI-driven TCMS follow the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology, a robust framework widely adopted for data analytics projects. CRISP-DM ensures a structured approach through six phases: business understanding, where goals and objectives align with organizational strategy; data understanding, involving detailed exploration of machining and tool condition data; data preparation, including cleaning and structuring data for analysis; modeling, where machine learning algo-rithms predict tool wear and failure; evaluation, assessing model accuracy and alignment with objectives; and deployment, integrating the AI system into manufacturing processes. This methodology enhances the iterative refinement of predictive capabilities, ensuring alignment with strategic objectives and operational realities. By adopting CRISP-DM, DNMX ensures the systematic development of its AI-integrated TCMS, enhancing machining accuracy and reliability, optimizing maintenance schedules, and reducing downtime. This structured approach continuously improves the system, reinforcing DNMX’s leadership in the North American auto-parts industry and contributing to the transformation towards electric vehicles.
- Mejora de competencias clínicas en estudiantes de medicina mediante la implementación de talleres integrados con simulación de escenarios reales(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-15) Saldivar Zaragoza, Manuel Alberto; Barniol Durán, Pablo Jesús; emimmayorquin; Escuela de Humanidades y Educación; Contreras Martínez, Francisca BelemEste proyecto de intervención educativa se llevó a cabo en la Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, tras identificar deficiencias en las competencias clínicas de los estudiantes de Medicina durante su transición de los ciclos básicos a los clínicos. Se enfocó en tres áreas clave: anamnesis, exploración física y relación médico-paciente, con el objetivo de mejorar dichas habilidades. A partir de un Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE) inicial, se detectaron áreas de mejora que condujeron a la implementación de talleres teórico-prácticos. Posteriormente, se aplicó un segundo ECOE, que demostró una mejora significativa en las áreas de exploración física y habilidades en la relación médico-paciente, aunque reveló una disminución en la competencia de anamnesis. En cuanto al cumplimiento del objetivo, este fue parcialmente logrado. Si bien se alcanzaron mejoras considerables en las competencias de exploración física y relación médico-paciente, cumpliendo con las metas 2 y 3 planteadas, no se logró el cumplimiento de la meta 1, que buscaba mejorar la anamnesis. En esta área, se observó una disminución en el desempeño, lo que indica la necesidad de un enfoque más reforzado para el desarrollo de esta competencia clave.
- Artificial Intelligence Systems in Retail: Examining Customer Behavior and Adoption(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-20) Calvo Castro, Ana Valeria; Franco Valdez, Ana Dolores; emimmayorquin; Frasquet Deltoro, Marta; Amorós Espinosa, José Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus Ciudad de México; Valdez Cervantes, AlfonsoArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a disruptive innovation that has driven digital transformation in the retail industry. Technologies such as robots, chatbots, conversational agents, and generative AI are reshaping customer interactions. Although AI origins date back to the 1950s, when Alan Turing posed the question, “Can machines think?”, the use of this technology has exponentially evolved in recent years across various contexts and functions. These advancements increasingly simulate the capabilities of the human mind, enabling companies to achieve what once was considered impossible. This dissertation explores the antecedents and possible outcomes of AI technology within the retail industry, focusing specifically on AI acceptance and customers’ behavior regarding AI usage. The research undertakes an exploration of the role that AI systems could play in configuring and enhancing customer experiences through three interrelated articles, each offering unique insights into the role of AI in retail strategies. The first study provides a comprehensive analysis of insights on the impact of AI on omnichannel customer experience (OCE), incorporating perspectives from top-retail managers, consultants, and customers. The second study presents a conceptualization and validation of a measurement model for customers’ acceptance of artificial intelligence (CAAI), providing a robust framework for measuring AI acceptance among customers. The third, and final study, investigates and analyze the influence of CAAI on word-of-mouth (WOM), reuse intention, and the moderating effect of trust in technology. Together, these studies present a comprehensive exploration of how AI can be utilized to transform customer acceptance and optimize retail strategies. This dissertation aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how AI technologies can be leveraged to enhance retail strategies and customer interactions, offering insights for both academic researchers and industry practitioners.
