Tesis
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/345119
Colección de Tesis y Trabajos de grado (informe final del proyecto de investigación, tesina, u otro trabajo académico diferente a Tesis, sujeto a la revisión y aceptación de una comisión dictaminadora) presentados por alumnos para obtener un grado académico del Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Para enviar tu trabajo académico al RITEC, puedes consultar este Infográfico con los pasos generales para que tu tesis sea depositada en el RITEC.
Browse
Search Results
- Evaluación de la capacidad de los servicios quirúrgicos del Instituto de Salud Pública del Estado de Guanajuato(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-07) Solalinde Vargas, Rebeca; Mireles Zavala, Yessica; emipsanchez; Pérez Anguiano, Noé Enrique; Navarro Olivos, Efraín; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus MonterreyEl presente estudio evaluó la capacidad de los servicios quirúrgicos del Instituto de Salud Pública del Estado de Guanajuato (ISAPEG) utilizando los indicadores internacionales de la Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS). El problema abordado fue la falta de una medición integral de los servicios quirúrgicos en México, lo que dificulta la planificación de políticas públicas efectivas para garantizar el acceso equitativo a cirugías esenciales. Participaron Mediante un estudio transversal y descriptivo, se recolectó la información necesaria para medir los seis indicadores. Los resultados mostraron que el 99.4% de la población objetivo tenía acceso a cirugía esencial en menos de dos horas, la densidad de especialistas quirúrgicos fue de 34 por cada 100,000 habitantes, el volumen quirúrgico fue de 3370 procedimientos quirúrgicos por cada 100,000 habitantes y la mortalidad perioperatoria fue del 1.6%. El 4.1% y el 13.8% de la población está en riesgo de sufrir gastos empobrecedores y gastos catastróficos, respectivamente. Se concluyó que el ISAPEG presenta una buena capacidad quirúrgica, aunque persisten áreas de mejora en la infraestructura, disponibilidad de insumos y protección financiera. Estos hallazgos pueden aplicarse para desarrollar políticas públicas que fortalezcan los servicios quirúrgicos y reduzcan inequidades, contribuyendo al acceso universal a una cirugía segura, asequible y de calidad en el estado de Guanajuato.
- A computer-based method to estimate the level of sensitivity of typical somatosensorial responses(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11) Cepeda Zapata, Luis Kevin; Alonso Valerdi, Luz Maria; emipsanchez; Angulo Sherman, Irma Nayeli; Muñoz Ubando, Luis Alberto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Ibarra Zaratre, David IsaacUnderstanding somatosensory responses is fundamental to human interaction with the environment, yet quantitative tools for assessing typical tactile responses remain underdeveloped. This thesis introduces a novel computer-based method to evaluate somatosensory processing through electroencephalographic data, focusing on responses to different tactile stimuli. The project will be conducted in three stages: 1) registration of typical somatosensory evoked responses due to touch, air, and vibration in incremental intensities using electroencephalography, 2) validation of the prototypes to evoke tactile evoked potentials, 3) development and evaluation of a classification model to differentiate tactile stimuli and intensities. The study involved the creation of a database of Electroencephalographic recordings from 34 healthy adult volunteers exposed to air, vibration, and caress stimuli, under four diffrent intensity levels intensity levels. The neural responses were analyzed using Discrete Wavelet Transform and classified with machine learning models including K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron. For a generalized classification model, an accuracy of 72.6% was achieved for distinguishing stimulus type, 39.3% accuracy for intensity classification and 33.4% for both stimulus type and intensity. Individual classifiers for each subject had an increase in accuracy of 6-10%. Additionally, a deep learning model, EEGNet, was implemented, yielding similar results for stimulus type but lower performance for intensity. Analysis revealed significant inter-subject variability, with subject-specific models outperforming generalized ones, highlighting the need for individualized approaches in somatosensory assessments. This study offers a novel dataset and model framework, which enhances the understanding of neural tactile processing to advance sensory-based interfaces and diagnostic tools in neurophysiological research.
- Design and development of a biomimetic robot based on the UCA pugnax CRAB(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Arriaga Ventura, Daniel Alberto; Bustamente Bello, Martín Rogelio; emipsanchez; Navarro Tuch, Sergio Alberto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; López Aguilar, Ariel AlejandroThis research focused on developing a biomimetic robot modeled after the Uca Pugnax crab, utilizing a bottom-up approach that replicates the crab’s distinct locomotion and biomechanics. The primary objective was to create a robotic system capable of mimicking the crab’s movement and serving as a platform for further investigations into control systems, particularly in the implementation of bioinspired Central Pattern Generators (CPGs). By employing both Hopf and Kuramoto oscillator-based CPG systems, the robot’s locomotion was effectively demonstrated. The Kuramoto model, in particular, exhibited quicker convergence to the desired phase shifts, resulting in smoother and more reliable movement patterns. Comparative analysis of the reference trajectories generated by the CPG and the actual motor outputs revealed areas for optimizing controller performance, particularly in terms of response speed and amplitude precision. The robot’s morphology closely mirrored that of the crab, with an average proportional error of approximately 7.11%, indicating a successful bio-mimetic design. The robot’s movement dynamics also showed distinct functional push-and-pull motions, with clear advantages along different axes based on pinion position. Despite mechanical design constraints, such as the trade-off between manufacturing simplicity and accurate biomimicry, the robot’s overall performance demonstrated that biomimetic designs can effectively replicate crablike locomotion.
- Desarrollo de un material compuesto basado en metal "arcilla metálica" para aplicaciones de manufactura aditiva en la fabricación de microdispositivos(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) López Solís, Sergio Jesús; Segura Cárdenas, Emmanuel; emimmayorquin; Ulloa Castillo, Nicolas Antonio; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; Montañez Rodríguez, Abraham; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyEstá investigación explora el desarrollo y la validación de un compuesto metálico llamado “arcilla metálica” mediante fabricación aditiva por extrusión. Su objetivo es identificar los parámetros clave para la composición del material, el proceso de fabricación y las condiciones de sinterización. El estudio analiza la formulación del compuesto metálico, la adaptación de una impresora 3D para la extrusión y los hallazgos experimentales sobre materiales como Inconel 718 y acero inoxidable 316L. Se estudian y prueban varias proporciones de agua, polvo metálico y aglutinante orgánico para lograr una extruibilidad óptima, y el análisis termogravimétrico y espectroscópico ayuda a comprender las propiedades térmicas. El trabajo también evalúa las optimizaciones de la impresión 3D, incluidos los ajustes de la impresora, los tamaños de las boquillas y las resoluciones de impresión, y examina la fabricación de microcanales con un enfoque en la precisión y los procesos de sinterización para minimizar la porosidad. El estudio concluye con información sobre cómo mejorar la calidad y la reproducibilidad de la impresión, lo que contribuye a la fabricación de microdispositivos de arcilla metálica.
- Design and Development of Conducting Polymer and Carbon Nanostructure based Efficient Thermoelectric Materials(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Ebrahimibagha, Dariush; Mallar, Ray; emimmayorquin; Aguirre Soto, Héctor Alán; Niladri, Banerjee; Gallo Villanueva, Roberto Carlos; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Datta, ShubhabrataThermoelectric materials present a promising renewable energy technology for directly converting thermal energy into electricity and vice versa. However, their practical application is hindered by low conversion efficiencies, quantified by the dimensionless figure of merit, 𝑍𝑇 = 𝑆 2 𝜎 𝑘 𝑇 , where 𝑆,𝜎, and 𝑘 are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical onductivity, and thermal conductivity, respectively. Achieving a high 𝑍𝑇 is challenging because enhancing one parameter often degrades the others. Various nanoscale strategies have been explored, yet a comprehensive framework for improving 𝑍𝑇 remains elusive. Recently, polymer-based nanocomposites, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in polyaniline (PANI), have gained attention due to their flexibility, non-toxicity, and processability, key traits for next-generation flexible electronic devices. Despite this potential, optimizing thermoelectric performance in PANI-CNT systems is complex, as it depends on numerous factors, including CNT dimensions, functionality, and PANI's doping and morphology. This research employs machine learning (ML) and genetic algorithms (GA) to model and optimize the thermoelectric properties of PANI-CNT nanocomposites. By analyzing structural and compositional variables—such as CNT length, diameter, type, and PANI morphology—we identified strategies that enhance electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient while minimizing thermal conductivity. Our ML models revealed that selecting appropriate dopants for PANI and using single-walled CNT (SWCNT) improves overall thermoelectric performance. Multi-objective GA optimization further refined these findings, demonstrating that SWCNTs help reduce thermal conductivity and that CNT length plays a dual role: shorter CNTs decrease 𝑘, while longer ones enhance both 𝑆 and 𝜎. Experimental validation was performed by fabricating PANI-CNT nanocomposite pellets, but achieving high 𝑍𝑇 remained elusive due to limitations in dataset quality and the variability introduced by diverse synthesis techniques. The synthesis method influences PANI dimensionality (e.g., 0D, 1D, 2D) and the morphology of PANI-CNT composites (core-shell vs. dispersed), complicating performance consistency. While the experiments confirmed the general trend of model predictions, they highlighted the necessity of cleaner, more comprehensive datasets for future research. Ultimately, this study lays the groundwork for designing high-efficiency thermoelectric nanocomposites and outlines the next steps in developing more accurate predictive models and synthesis methods for improved thermoelectric performance.
- Advanced modeling techniques in electric vehicles for battery sizing and Vertical Dynamic Control with CARSIM® and ADAMS(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Drivet González, Aline Raquel Lily; Cespi, Riccardo; emipsanchez; Vargas Martínez, Adriana; Lozoya Santos, Jorge de Jesús; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Tudón Martínez, Juan CarlosThis thesis addresses the rapidly accelerating shift from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), a transition driven not only by market demands but also by the urgent need to mitigate climate change. As electrification reshapes the automotive landscape, the importance of advanced modeling techniques are essential to accelerate the adoption of EV technologies, ensuring competitiveness, and addressing environmental urgency. This research begins with a review of vehicle dynamics changes, highlighting the challenges and opportunities introduced by this swift transition to EV technology. The first contribution of this thesis is the application of modeling and simulation techniques using CARSIM®where real-world telemetry is used to optimize EV battery performance and battery sizing. This optimization focuses on maximizing efficiency while maintaining safety and reliability. The second contribution is the development of a model for EV suspension systems using ADAMS®which can be a platform to test critical dynamic behavior of EVs under various conditions. Together, these contributions advance the design and performance of electric vehicles, introducing advanced modeling tools to accelerate development processes, speeding design processes, and addressing the urgent challenges of vehicle electrification in the context of climate change. As a result of the research presented in this thesis, which includes methodologies for battery pack design and the modeling and control of active suspension systems for electric vehicles, two journal articles have been published, and four additional articles have been presented in conference proceedings, contributing significantly to the academic discourse in these areas.
- Modelling and Control Methodologies for Automated Systems Based on Regulation Control and Coloured Petri Nets(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Anguiano Gijón, Carlos Alberto; Vázquez Topete, Carlos Renato; emimmayorquin; Navarro Gutiérrez, Manuel; Navarro Díaz, Adrán; Mercado Rojas, José Guadalupe; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Ramírez Treviño, AntonioIndustry 4.0 and smart manufacturing have brought new interesting possibilities and chal-lenges to the industrial environment. One of these challenges is the large-scale automation of increasingly complex systems with minimal set-up time and flexibility, while allowing the in-tegration of components and systems from different manufacturers for production customiza-tion. To face this challenge, control approaches based on Discrete Event Systems (DES), such as Supervisory Control Theory (based on either, automata or Petri nets), Generalized Mutual Exclusions Constraints (GMEC) and Petri net-based Regulation Control, may provide con-venient solutions. However, few works have been reported in the literature for the case of complex systems and implementation in real plants. The latter opens up an important area of research opportunities. In this dissertation work, methodologies for modelling and control of automated systems based on the Regulation Control approach using interpreted Petri nets are studied. Using this approach, it is possible to capture the information of a system through its inputs and outputs, which allows to force sequences and generate more efficient controllers that can be directly translated to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Through case studies, the effective-ness of these methodologies when implemented in more complex systems is demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of coloured Petri nets is proposed for the modelling of customized pro-duction systems. For this purpose, a new approach based on tensor arrays is introduced to express the colored Petri nets, allowing the use of algebraic techniques in the analysis of these systems.
- Social innovation processes in dignity-centered organizations: evidence from hybrid and indigenous enterprises(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-14) Islas Calderón, Selene; Guerra Leal, Eva María; emipsanchez; Quintanilla Domínguez, Claudia María; López Lira Arjona, Alfonso; Amorós Espinosa, José Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus MonterreyThe social and environmental issues that humanity is currently facing demand solutions that challenge current organizational practices. Such practices have also been blamed for increasing some of these problems, and different stakeholders are more strongly demanding that organizations seek different, more innovative approaches to sustainability, wellbeing and the generation of profits. One of the approaches that is gaining tremendous attentions is social innovation. However, this concept has also different approaches and scholar are still looking for frameworks that foster more social inclusion and enhance well-being. In this sense, the concepts of dignity and dignity-centered organizations have recently gained traction as a form of organizing that prioritizes the inherent worth of individuals, offering pathways to human flourishing. This new form of organizing may constitute a social innovation that is based on the principle of dignity. How these concepts intersect to generate processes that shape effective organizational practices and generate positive societal outcomes is a literature gap worth exploring and with important implications for managerial practices. The first study emphasizes the central role of dignity in shaping social innovation process. Humanistic management theory constitutes a promising framework that provides a different, more-human approach to how a social innovation generates and consolidates. The authors examined four Indigenous enterprises in Latin America and proposed a four-stage process of social innovation (origin, mobilization, execution, and integration) based on a four-case qualitative study that explores how the notions of dignity and humanistic management practices are present at every stage of the social innovation process. This study is one of the first to explore the relationship between humanistic management principles, dignity, and social innovation processes, a literature gap with important praxeological implications.
- Optimization and sustained release of green lentil polyphenols through instant controlled pressure drop and encapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles(2024-12-03) Tienda Vázquez, Mario Adrián; Almanza Arjona, Yara C.; emimmayorquin; Cardador Martínez, Anabertha; Quintus Scheckhuber, Christian; Téllez Pérez, Carmen; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Lozano García, OmarThroughout history, legumes have been part of human consumption for their nutritional content and because is an easy crop to cultivate, it can grow in both cold and warm climates. One type of legumes are lentils, consumed worldwide. In Mexico, lentils are consumed by 70% of Mexican adults. Among the lentil varieties, green lentils stand out for having the highest polyphenol content, which makes them an excellent candidate for human consumption. However, the traditional way of cooking lentils requires prolonged times in boiling water. This causes a significant loss of the number of polyphenols present in lentils. Polyphenols have the ability to reduce the prevalence of suffering from chronic degenerative diseases, because they have antioxidants and anti-inflammatories properties. However, the chemical stability of polyphenols is compromised by different factors like the chemical structure, temperature, pH, isomerizations, enzymes, degradation, and oxidation, among others. This study subjected the green lentils to instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) and measured the polyphenol amount, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity 1,1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC and DPPH), with 13 different treatments by varying pressure and time. The results showed that the polyphenols were the only parameter affected by DIC and the best conditions were less than 160 s and less than 0.1 MPa, and the best treatment was the DIC treatment 11, with 0.1 MPa for 135 s. Surprisingly, apparently new polyphenols appeared in the treated lentils due to the physical stress secondary to DIC, and in consequence the biosynthesis of polyphenols. After DIC, the best green lentil treatment was selected (DIC 11). The polyphenolic extract was obtained and nano encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) using five different extract volumes (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 𝜇L). The nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with negative zeta potential charge (~ 20 mV), and all the syntheses produced particles, with average sizes ranging between 300 to 1100 nm. The polyphenol released was evaluated in PBS at pH 5.5 and 7.4. The release followed a triphasic controlled release, a lag phase of 24 h, a burst and diffusion phase from 24 h to 372 h, up to 15 days, and finally the saturation phase. The combination of the DIC technology as a pretreatment for green lentils and the nanoencapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles, improved the extraction and preserved the polyphenols profile of green lentils, on the other hand, nanoencapsulation protected the polyphenols and reached a controlled polyphenol release for up to 15 days.
- Natural extract rich in betalains and polyphenols from Bougainvillea glabra bracts as natural pigments with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-29) Leal Alcazar, Mariana Cristina; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; emipsanchez; Mata Gómez, Marco Arnulfo; Escalante Aburto, Anayansi; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Rocha Pizaña, María del RefugioBetalains are a group of nitrogenous compounds produced by plants of the Caryophyllales order, as secondary metabolites derived from betalamic acid, characterized by their vibrant coloration in fruits, bracts, and leaves (red-violet, yellow). Their technological importance relies on their role as natural pigments, and high bioactivity potential (free-radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, gene regulators, and anti-diabetic properties), however, betalain sources have been limited to widely studied Beta vulgaris (beetroot). Polyphenols are the most abundant secondary metabolites and are characterized by a phenolic ring linked to a hydroxyl group in a complex structure, they can be found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. They are widely recognized as pigments with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activity, and a strong association with the gut microbiome. Bougainvillea glabra is an ornamental species of the family Nyctaginaceae, widely cultivated in Latin America, characterized for its intense bract coloration, still, its application as a functional ingredient and bioactive compound source remains understudied. The primary objective of the investigation was to evaluate the biological and technological potential of an extract rich in betalains and phenolic compounds from the industrially underexploited bracts of Bougainvillea glabra. B. glabra extract (BGE) was obtained using solid-liquid ultrasound-assisted extraction. The total betalain content in BGE was 0.118 mg total betalain content (TBC) per mg of bract powder, while the total polyphenol content was determined as 0.002 mg of TPC per meg of bract powder. The identification of phytochemicals was performed by UPLC chromatography linked to mass spectrometry in both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis. BGE scavenged ABTS radical with inhibition (p < 0.05) values ranging from 149-180 μM Trolox equivalents, an α-amylase test inhibition revealed a 27.9 % inhibition (p < 0.05) by BGE at 5 mg/mL. BGE had selective cytotoxicity effects of 30% GIE (growth inhibitory effect) on the Caco-2 cell line. BGE showed synergistic in vitro effects with cisplatin on Caco-2 cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy processes.
