Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
Browse
Search Results
- Applications of classical andquantum-optomechanical Light Propagation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Onah, Francis Emenike; Gutiérrez Vega, Julio César; emipsanchez; Hernández Aranda, Raúl I; Pérez García, Benjamín; López Aguayo, Servando; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe theory of electromagnetic waveguides has found applications in many areas of science and technology, ranging from nanotechnology, nano-optics, optics and photonics, sensing, optical communications, plasma physics to astrophysics. One of the challenges facing the application of other waveguides such as the elliptic and parabolic waveguides in the nano-regime is the amount of parameters to be considered in their fabrications and the ability to control these parameters in miniature systems. The equilateral triangular waveguides, just as the circular cylindrical waveguides, has at most just one parameter to consider in their design or fabrication. That is, the triangle side a. The indices m and n (and a third index l, for equilateral triangular waveguide, is dependent on the other two l = −m−n), is a general feature of all cylindrical waveguides. Thus, the equilateral triangular waveguide, has a promising utility for applications in nanotechnology. Since just focusing on this one parameter, one can as precision allows (within the limits of classical light propagation, in essence, before the quantum theory becomes important), produce very tiny equilateral triangular waveguide. Thus the feasibility and promising utility motivates our investigation of the equilateral triangular waveguides, which despite its simplicity, does not have a thorough study of for instance, its attenuation characteristics. This characteristics and other symmetry properties of the modes, especially the surprisingly interesting odd modes of the equilateral triangular waveguide is what we investigate in this project. In the second part of our research, we study Quantum Photonic nano-cavties, which is a typical case of what happens when quantum mechanics becomes important, in propagation of light, in the nano-regime. This also, promises great and novel solutions to the numerous challenges facing the production of versatile and effective nano-machine fabrications. Thus the significance of our research work lies in illustrating and exploring the possibility for a far more reaching industrial applications of quantum photonic-nano cavities, through the quantum optomechanical theoretic formulation and application of multiply synchronized nano-photonic cavities in sensing, information or data storage and distribution in nano-devices, very effective/versatile nano-machines, high level machine learning, artificial intelligence and the future of modern nano-material fabrications and nanotechnology in general. We intend or expect to have a clear cut technological advancement, demonstrated by a fabricated device that harnesses the high quality factorof quantum photonic nano-cavities, in terms of increased capacity or storage power of the nano-device and or a very sensitive light sensor and other technological advancement that has applications in information commutation technology, medicine and the industry in general.
- A minutiae-based indexing algorithm for latent palmprints(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Khodadoust, Javad; Monroy Borja, Raúl; emipsanchez; Aparecida Paulino, Alessandra; Valdes Ramírez, Danilo; Rodríguez Ruiz, Jorge; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Medina Pérez, Miguel ÁngelToday, many countries rely on biometric traits for individual authentication, necessitating at least one high-quality sample from each person. However, countries with large populations like China and India, as well as those with high visitor and tourist volumes like France, face challenges such as data storage and database identification. Latent palmprints, comprising about one-third of prints recovered from crime scenes in forensic applications, require inclu sion in law enforcement and forensic databases. Unlike fingerprints, palmprints are larger, and features such as minutiae are approximately ten times more abundant, accompanied by more prominent and wider creases. Consequently, accurately and efficiently identifying la tent palmprints within stored reference palmprints poses significant challenges. Using fre quency domain approaches and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), we present a new palmprint segmentation method in this work that can be used for both latent and full impression prints. The method creates a binary mask. Additionally, we introduce a palmprint quality estimation technique for latent and full impression prints. This method involves parti tioning each palmprint into non-overlapping blocks and considering larger windows centered on each block to derive frequency domain values, effectively accounting for creases and en hancing overall quality mapping. Furthermore, we present a region-growing-based palmprint enhancement approach, starting from high-quality blocks identified through our quality es timation method. Similar to the quality estimation process, this method operates on blocks and windows, transforming high-quality windows into the frequency domain for processing before reverting to the spatial domain, resulting in improved neighboring block outcomes. Finally, we propose two distinct minutiae-based indexing methods and enhance an existing matching-based indexing approach. Our experiments leverage three palmprint datasets, with only one containing latent palmprints, showcasing superior accuracy compared to existing methods
- Design of an acoustic virtual environment of the mexican archaeological site Edzna(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) Navas Reascos, Gustavo Sebastián; Ibarra Zárate, David Isaac; emipsanchez; Recuero López, Manuel; Zalaquett Rock, Francisca Amelia; Lopez Caudana, Edgar Omar; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Alonso Valerdi, Luz MaríaArchaeoacoustics is an acoustic field that has great potential in Mexico since the existence of archaeological places inherited from the native people who inhabited these territories in the past. The objective of this project was the design and implementation of a virtual acoustic environment of the archaeological place Edzna. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted as follows: (1) to select a strategically archaeological Mexican place in terms of minimal archaeological deterioration, minimal environmental noise, flexible access, and with both open and enclosed places; (2) to characterize acoustically the selected place; (3) to recreate the recorded sounds; (4) to design and implement an acoustic virtual environment based on the acoustic characterization of the selected place; and (5) to evaluate the User Experience of the acoustic virtual environment from participants in an exposition at MARCO museum in Monterrey. This investigation aimed to contribute to the dissemination and exposure of vivid archaeological sites along in the country, which could help to foster the awareness of Mexican history and heritage
- Practical inventory models with the warm-up process(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-10) Nobil, Erfan; Cárdenas Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo; emipsanchez; Loera Hernández, Imelda de Jesús; Treviño Garza,Gerardo; Smith Cornejo, Neale Ricardo; Bourguet Díaz, Rafael Ernesto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyAs the global population continues to grow, there is an increasing need to enhance the efficiency of production processes. On one hand, manufacturing processes face numerous challenges; on the other hand, various machines in the production line require an initial warm-up phase, which intersects with the fields of operations research and optimization. This dissertation explores the introduction of several concepts along with the warm-up process into the manufacturing workflow. It also addresses a range of issues associated with the warm-up in manufacturing, proposing solutions to these challenges. It tackles common problems in the production line, such as shortages, the environmental impact of carbon emissions, and the production of faulty items. The work at hand employs a diverse set of approaches, from mathematical solutions like the application of the Hessian matrix to the implementation of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. A variety of methodologies have been applied, ranging from analytical approaches to metaheuristics and innovative deep reinforcement learning techniques. The outcomes of this thesis have resulted in three published papers, with two additional works finished. The publications explore the effect of warm-up process in sustainable EPQ model, the effect of machine downtime on warm-up process, presence of shortage and faulty products with warm-up, machine downtime effect along with shortage on warm-up, and finally multi-product lot scheduling problem with warm-up process. The findings can be regarded as determination of optimal total cost for the system which provides higher revenue for corporations. In case of three published papers, this is done due to analytical approach and mathematical framework, in other words, a closed-form solution represents the whole structure. The solution methodology highlights key concepts, such as shortages and environmental regulations, by comparing results that show how the additional cost of carbon policies and the system’s ability to handle shortages contribute to lower overall costs. In cases involving rework and scrap, rework is shown to incur less cost. Finally, the multi-agent reinforcement learning effectively tackled the stochastic nature of metaheuristic algorithms in fine-tuning the control parameters. Altogether, each paper presents a specific direction within this thesis, and collectively, these provide practical insights for decision-makers in the industry.
- Development of chitosan films using lemon Juice and impact of bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles on their physical properties(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Hassan, Dilawar; Torres Huerta, Ana Laura; emipsanchez; Ehsan, Muhammad; Sánchez Rodríguez, Elvia Patricia; Talha Khalil, Ali; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Antonio Pérez AuroraThe global challenge of plastic pollution has driven the search for biodegradable and sustainable materials. This thesis explores the development of chitosan (CH) films, synthesized using a green chemical approach that employs lemon juice and lemon peel extract as natural alternatives to synthetic acids. The incorporation of nanoparticles, explicitly zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄ NPs) and nickel zinc ferrite (NiZnFe₂O₄NPs), further manipulate the functional properties of the films, making them suitable for diverse applications. The ZnFe₂O₄ NPs, synthesized using lemon peel extract, presented a crystalline size of 16 nm and significantly improved the mechanical (TS) and barrier properties of 1.5% CH films. The TS of the films increased from 0.641 MPa for bare CH to 0.835 MPa with 2% ZnFe₂O₄ NPs, while puncture strength improved by 2.7 times. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 28%, establishing enhanced barrier properties. Conversely, NiZnFe₂O₄ NPs (crystalline size 29 nm), enhanced 2% CH film flexibility, achieving a 36.83% elongation at break with 2% NP reinforcement. These films also exhibited enhanced resistance to moisture, making them suitable for applications that require better barrier properties. Morphological testing, including SEM and AFM, revealed that NPs incorporation altered the surface texture of the films, increasing roughness uniformly with NP concentration. FTIR spectra confirmed successful NPs’ integration, with characteristic metal-oxygen bond vibrations appearing at specific wavenumbers. Optical properties showed minimal color changes after NPs addition, with both ZnFe₂O₄ and NiZnFe₂O₄ films maintaining suitable transparency for practical applications. This thesis highlights the potential of green-synthesized CH films as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional plastics. ZnFe₂O₄ films demonstrated superior mechanical strength and barrier properties, while NiZnFe₂O₄ films provided improved flexibility and moisture resistance. The integration of green chemistry with nanotechnology establishes a sustainable pathway for the development of highperformance polymeric materials, addressing pressing environmental and industrial needs.
- A novel feature extraction methodology using Inter-Trial Coherence framework for signal analysis – A case study applied towards BCI(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11) López Bernal, Diego; Ponce Cruz, Pedro; emipsanchez; Ponce Espinosa, Hiram; López Caudana, Edgar Omar; Bustamante Bello, Martín Rogelio; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Balderas Silva, David ChristopherSignal classification in environments with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) presents a significant challenge across various fields, from industrial monitoring to biomedical appli cations. This work explores a novel methodology aimed at improving classification accuracy in such conditions, using EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) for inner speech decoding as a case study. EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as a promising technology for providing communication channels for individuals with speech disabilities, such as those affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, or other neurodegenerative diseases. Inner speech classification, a subset of BCI applications, aims to interpret and translate silent, inner speech into meaningful linguistic information. De spite the potential of BCIs, current methodologies for inner speech classification lack the accuracy needed for practical applications. This work investigates the use of inter-trial coherence (ITC) as a novel feature extraction technique to enhance the accuracy of in ner speech classification in EEG-based BCIs. The study introduces a methodology that integrates ITC within a complex Morlet time-frequency representation framework. EEG recordings from ten participants imagining four distinct words (up, down, right, and left) were processed and analyzed. Five different classification algorithms were evaluated: Ran dom Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Naive Bayes (NB). The proposed method achieved no table classification accuracies of 75.70% with RF and 66.25% with SVM, demonstrating significant improvements over traditional feature extraction methods. These findings indi cate that ITC is a viable technique for enhancing the accuracy of inner speech classification in EEG-based BCIs. The results suggest practical implications for improving communica tion and navigation capabilities for individuals with ALS or similar conditions. This work lays the foundation for future research on phase-based feature extraction, opening new avenues for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying inner speech and advancing BCI systems’ accuracy and efficiency
- A stable real-time implementation model predictive control for fast nonlinear systems(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) Rodríguez Guevara, Daniel Orlando; Favela Contreras, Antonio Ramón Xicoténcatl; emipsanchez; Lozoya Gámez, Rafael Camilo; Sotelo Molina, Carlos Gustavo; Sotelo Molina, David Alejandro; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Beltrán Carbajal, FranciscoThis dissertation presents two novel approaches for real-time implementation of robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) for fast complex nonlinear systems. These approaches use a linearization step of the model of the system by two different strategies depending on the nature of the nonlinear system. Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) modeling and Differential Flatness representation are the strategies chosen to develop the Model Predictive Controller. LPV modeling consists of the embedding of the nonlinear terms of the system into a series of scheduling parameters. Therefore, the Model Predictive Control is designed using a linear model being a function of the scheduling parameter to predict the behavior of the states of the system along the prediction horizon. The future values of the scheduling parameters are estimated using a recursive least squares algorithm. Both stability and robustness conditions are ensured using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) constraints included in the optimization problem of the MPC. Finally, terminal ellipsoidal sets are introduced in the cost function to improve the performance of the controller. On the other hand, Differential Flatness representation is used to build a linear MPC to exploit the flatness property of some nonlinear systems. In this approach, the nonlinear model is solved as a function of the flat outputs of the system and its derivatives. Thus, a linear optimization problem is solved to predict the future behavior of the flat output and its derivatives as a function of an auxiliary control variable. Afterward, a feedforward controller is designed to define the optimal control action to be inputted into the system as a function of the auxiliary control variable. Finally, the performance of both control strategies is tested with several simulations of complex nonlinear systems using the Matlab-Simulink environment
- Effect of physical activity on the myodynamic characteristics of patellofemoral pain in young adults(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-25) Garza Borjón, Abiel Eugenio; González González, Mirna Alejandra; emipsanchez; Rito Palomares, Marco Antonio; Rodríguez de Ita, Julieta; Simental Mendía, Mario Alberto; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Acosta Olivo, Carlos AlbertoBackground: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a worldwide frequent cause of medical evaluation. It iscommon in the young, female and active population affecting one in four individuals. It is considered a multifactorial disease in which the management must focus on the alterations found in the physical exam and radiologic images. The effect of muscle strength in the lower extremities after aerobic activity in patients with this condition has yet to be detailed. To determine if patients with PFP show alterations in lower extremity, muscle strength measurements after performing a session of ten minutes of aerobic activity on a treadmill compared to people without patellofemoral pain were performed. Materials and Methods: Prospective experimental study with a stratified, non-randomized, and non-blinded population sample with group matching, including an experimental group with PFP and a control group with no pain. Subjects completed self-reported functional questionnaires (IKDC, Kujala, KOOS, SF-12), underwent radiographic studies, and were evaluated by measuring the strength of hip and knee muscles and the Single-Leg Triple-Hop (SLTH) test before and after ten minutes of exercise on a treadmill. Results: Seventeen subjects diagnosed with PFP, and seventeen control subjects were evaluated. Both groups were homogeneous and had no significant differences in the demographic variables. A wider sulcus angle at 30° (136.8 ± 3.8° vs 132.5 ± 5.6°, p = 0.0140), a decrease strength post-exercise in the hip abductor (37.9 ± 7.1 N⋅m vs 45.6 ± 7.7 N⋅m, p <0.05) and knee extensor (36.0 ± 9.1 N⋅m vs 47.7 ± 14.0 N⋅m, p <0.05), and a shorter distance in the SLTH test (337.9 ± 74.9 cm vs 438.6 ± 65.8 cm, p <0.01) was recorded in subjects with patellofemoral pain. Conclusion: Subjects with PFP had an overall lower strength of hip and knee muscles, showing significant differences in the hip abductors and knee extensors between people with PFP and healthy matched controls after aerobic exercise.
- Enfoques integrales para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de enfermedades metabólicas asociadas a obesidad(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-28) Castillo Castro, Carolina; Martagón Rosado, Alexandro J.; emipsanchez; Sánchez Avila, María Teresa; Castorena Torres, Fabiola; Arriaga Cázares Héctor Eliud; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Sede EGAP Monterrey; Morales Garza, Luis AlonosLa obesidad es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por un exceso de adiposidad que impacta negativamente a la salud, aumentando el riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones metabólicas, como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y la enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA). En México, donde la prevalencia de obesidad es una de las más altas del mundo, estas enfermedadesnrepresentan un desafío significativo para la salud pública. La interrelación entre obesidad y complicaciones metabólicas genera una necesidad urgente de identificar métodos diagnósticos y de seguimiento que sean accesibles y puedan implementarse a gran escala en la población mexicana. La EHGNA es una manifestación hepática de la obesidad. Es caracterizada por la acumulación de grasa en más del 5% de los hepatocitos sin consumo significativo de alcohol, afecta a un porcentaje considerable de la población, especialmente en personas con DM2, donde la prevalencia llega hasta el 90%. En México, se estima que hasta el 50% de la población podría verse afectada debido a las altas tasas de obesidad. Su relevancia radica en que puede progresar a esteatohepatitis, fibrosis y cirrosis, aumentando el riesgo de mortalidad. Actualmente, el diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante biopsia hepática, un procedimiento invasivo y costoso, lo que impulsa la búsqueda de alternativas no invasivas, más seguras y accesibles para la detección y seguimiento de esta condición. Por su parte, la DM2 afecta a más de 15.6% de los adultos en México, y se proyecta un crecimiento global alarmante en las próximas décadas, con proyecciones de hasta 783 millones de adultos afectados a nivel mundial para el 2045. Esta enfermedad, altamente vinculada con la obesidad y la adiposidad visceral, genera complicaciones micro y macrovasculares, así como deterioro significativo de la calidad de vida. Dada su alta prevalencia en nuestro país, donde hasta el 70% de la población adulta vive con sobrepeso u obesidad, resulta crucial desarrollar herramientas de diagnóstico y seguimiento que permitan un manejo efectivo y oportuno. En esta tesis, abordamos las enfermedades metabólicas asociadas a obesidad desde diferentes ángulos: exploramos biomarcadores no invasivos en el diagnóstico de EHGNA, evaluamos métodos accesibles para medir la composición corporal en pacientes con DM2, y analizamos el impacto de los hábitos de sueño en el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. El objetivo común es identificar alternativas diagnósticas y de seguimiento que sean aplicables a gran escala en la población mexicana, mejorando así la prevención y el tratamiento de estas enfermedades. Para ello, realizamos tres estudios complementarios. El primero es una revisión que examina la posibilidad de utilizar biomarcadores no invasivos como reemplazo de la biopsia hepática en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la EHGNA en pacientes con obesidad o DM2. El segundo es un estudio de cohorte que compara la precisión de la bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA) con la absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) en la estimación de la masa grasa en pacientes hispanos con DM2. El tercer estudio investiga la asociación entre la duración del sueño y el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 en adultos mexicanos, utilizando datos de la ENSANUT. A través de estos trabajos, buscamos aportar herramientas útiles, accesibles y de bajo costo que puedan ser implementadas en la práctica clínica diaria para mejorar la prevención, diagnóstico y seguimiento de estas condiciones metabólicas altamente prevalentes en la población mexicana
- Comparación del tamaño tumoral entre pacientes con cáncer renal con cobertura de salud pública y privada: un estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-11-17) Barrera Juárez, Eduardo; Villarreal Garza, Cynthia Mayté; emipsanchez; Lara Díaz, Víctor Javier; Díaz Pérez, Héctor; Alcorta García, Mario René; Escuela de Medicina Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Rodríguez Covarrubias, Francisco TomásHay un aumento en la detección de cáncer renal en las últimas dos décadas. El tamaño tumoral promedio reportado en la literatura es de 3 a 4 cm. Estos tamaños pequeños ofrecen tratamientos menos agresivos, cirugías parciales y mejor sobrevida global al cáncer. El Carcinoma de Cálulas Renales es el tumor renal más común representando al 85% de las veces. La única posibilidad de curar cáncer de riñón es quirúrgica. El cáncer de riñón es considerado el tumor más letal entre los tumores genitourinarios. Las metástasis sincrónicas, corta sobrevida libre de enfermedad y corta sobrevida cáncerespecífica son comunes con tumores mayores de 7 cm. La característica principal de la patología es ausencia de síntomas. 40% de pacientes presentarán metástasis al diagnóstico. Con esto nos dimos a la tarea de investigar si los tumores de pacientes con cobertura pública son de mayor diámetro, que los tumores de pacientes con cobertura de salud privada. Realizamos este estudio transversal, multicéntrico y comparativo que incluye pacientes con diagnósticos de cáncer de riñón tratados quirúrgicamente en hospitales de alto volumen del área metropolitana de Monterrey, México. Los hospitales incluidos fueron la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad IMSS No. 25, el Hospital Regional ISSSTE; y el Hospital Metropolitano de los Servicios Estatales de Salud de Nuevo León representando a los pacientes bajo cobertura pública y se compararon con un grupo de pacientes con cobertura privada representados por pacientes de los Hospitales TEC Salud: Hospital San José de Monterrey y Hospital Zambrano-Hellion y del Hospital Ángeles Valle Oriente. Se incluyeron 629 expedientes completos de pacientes con cáncer renal con los reportes de patología. Además se evaluaron histología tumoral, clasificación TNM y estadios tumorales, factores de riesgo, así como abordajes y técnicas quirúrgicas. Se utilizaron pruebas paramétricas U de Mann-Whitney para comparación de media de tamaños tumorales, Chi cudrada para variables cualitativas, y t-student para la edad entre grupos. Se demostró diferencia estadística entre los tamaños tumorales de ambos grupos. Los tumores de pacientes con cobertura de salud pública tuvieron mayor diámetro que los pacientes bajo cobertura privada. Llama la atención que en ambos grupos el tamaño tumoral supera al diámetro actual descrito en la literatura. Lo cual puede signifcar que no se están detectando tan frecuente como se debiera, a los paciente con tumores asintomáticos de tamaños más pequeños en ninguno de los dos grupos.
