Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Formación automática de ontologías de conceptos encontrados en documentos no estructurados(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-02) Rivera González, Martha Idalid; González Mendoza, Miguel; emimmayorquin; Cuevas Arenas, Alma; Gibrán Cansino, Héctor; Luévano García, Luis; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Estado de México; Guzmán, AdolfoEn las últimas décadas han sido desarrollados numerosos enfoques, métodos y técnicas para el desarrollo en la búsqueda del nuevo conocimiento, las ontologías es una prueba de ello, que permiten estructurar los datos, donde la información es almacenada en nodos y relaciones, agregando con ello, la aplicación de métodos, que permite realizar búsqueda de conocimientos de información no estructurada, tales como páginas web, documentos, artículos, palabras entre otros. El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una búsqueda en una gran cantidad de documentos, iniciando con un tema o concepto “semilla”, usando técnicas de minería de datos (minería de texto) se detectan palabras y frases temáticas que son candidatos a ser conceptos (se usará desambiguación para pasarlos a conceptos aunque generalmente en campos especializados, cada palabra o frase temática tiene un significado único). Las relaciones entre algunos de los conceptos se hallarán mediante la creación de un modelo que permitirá la formación del nuevo conocimiento para obtener las ontologías. La tarea de generar nuevo conocimiento no es nada trivial ya que se requiere de la elaboración de dos algoritmos el primero llamado AS-WT que da como resultado un conjunto de 6 palabras conjuntas, lematizadas y categorizadas y el segundo el AS-WT-ON da como resultado triadas compuestas por sustantivo-verbo-sustantivo para dar como resultado la generación de ontologías
- Development of a design assessment tool for hydro pneumatic truck suspensions subjected to Pressure Equipment Directive regulations using a DMADV methodology(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-11-28) Flores Olvera, Eber Armando; Hernández Luna, Alberto Abelardo; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Fernández Caballero, Juan Carlos; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Kothari, RishabhDespite the extensive literature and research that exists on the methodologies of Set-Based Design and Set-Based Concurrent Engineering, there are less published practical examples and application of tools that promote the use of this philosophies for new product development in the industry, with most of these applications being based in the implementation of engineering, regulatory and manufacturing feasibility checklists where the engineer needs to provide attestation that his/her proposed design complies with the requirements inside design reviews. After two years of pandemic the industry never predicted all supply chain constrains that the world is facing today, not only for semi-conductors but also for steel and other rough materials. Companies are actively looking for versatility and flexibility of products, however, if change is not properly managed it could turn into a contributor factor for new failure modes, quality and regulatory non-conformities. This, in addition to global product development teams actively collaborating with cross functional teams and manufacturing sites around the globe for solving assurance of supply issues and conceiving new optimal designs for end customers unveils opportunities for implementing tools that enable SBCE/SBD that reduces the need of interaction between cross functional teams, automates and optimizes design decision making process and reduces product development times. Companies around the globe have actively looked for ways of improving profitability and deliver value added to end customers, this through continuous improvement of not just manufacturing processes, eliminating waste and shortening lead times but also by improving product development processes for optimizing cost and maximizing quality. After Toyota’s break through on lean manufacturing and six sigma methodology deployment for problem solving and process improvement, where providing flexibility to the production line parallel to a “pull” rather than a “push” production philosophy institution was identified by several researchers as the first Toyota paradox, authors started to put particular attention to a different facet of Toyota, one that was not widely disclosed and what they named the second Toyota paradox. Opposite to the traditional linear and iterative product development cycles, Toyota proposed a set-base philosophy for developing new products which at first glance did not seem a leaner process when comparing to US and other Japanese traditional automotive manufacturers. This project will crumble the implementation of a set-based design assessment tool utilizing enabler tools like GIFS methodology for problem solving and causal mapping within the frame of a “design for six sigma” approach. This assessment tool will serve as an aid for the suspension design engineers at the mining industry to take better informed and optimized decisions in early stages of the development process, when designing products meant to be marketed within the European Union, and as such, subjected to Pressure Equipment Directive regulation. This tool will map the design space where new products need to stay within for avoiding additional certifications or warning the design and manufacturing engineers that new certification scope will be needed in those cases that it cannot be avoided.
- Machine Learning-Based Methodology for Intelligent Energy Management Strategy in Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Pantograph(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-07) Julio Rodríguez, Jose del Carmen; Ramírez Mendoza, Ricardo Ambrocio; emimmayorquin; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Santana Díaz, AlfredoThis work presents the proposal and validation of a novel methodology for enhancing energy management strategies in heavy-duty FCHEVs with overhead current collector (pantograph) by means of ML-based predictions for the characterization of the driver-vehicle system from a holistic approach, correlating its energy and power profiles with characteristics of the route where it transits, specifically the speed profile and the height profile for the complete route. The base concept is the possibility of characterizing the vehicle’s energy use from an approach that also considers the driver behavior and road characteristic. This data-driven characterization using historic and real-time data stream from the vehicle allowed for a ML-model to be trained to make predictions using limited information from the upcoming route. The predictions created with the described method included energy demand, power base-values and optimal SoC profiles. These predictions were then used in an energy management strategy by means of a heuristic controller that received and used the optimal SoC profile and the power demand base-value of the complete route, thus allowing the controller to perform in accordance to current and upcoming vehicle energy demand. The methodology begins with the clusterization of vehicle and road data to define zonetypes for assigning labels to individual samples by means of unsupervised machine learning. Next, the labeled data is used to train a supervised machine learning classification algorithm which is then used to make predictions about the upcoming route. The clusterization and zone type predictions are then used for discretizing the complete route in a step called zonification, where the route is divided into sections with their own characteristics, providing a base on which the energy management strategy can be adjusted and executed accordingly. The data used for these tasks included vehicle dynamics data and energy demand profiles, as well as road information. The information used regarding the road was the expected speed profile and the elevation profile of the route. Both of these features can be obtained from external sources like vehicle to X communication or third-party navigation services and cartography. The ML-enhanced EMS controller was then validated through simulation using real data from 5 different routes in Germany and its performance was compared to that of other 3 controllers which made use of different approaches for the actuation and control of the onboard energy systems. The results were consistent in demonstrating the superior performance of the controller making use of the ML predictions, obtaining the best scores in FC degradation and H2 mass consumption indexes, with 25% and 27% less than the next best performer on each index respectively.
- Practical strategies for the construction and characterization of aqueous two-phase system droplets to establish novel 3D cell culture platforms(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-05-13) Chairez Cantú, Sandra Karolina; González González, Mirna Alejandra; emimmayorquin; Rojas Martínez, Augusto; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Rito Palomares, Marco AntonioPolymer-polymer aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are characterized by the separation into a top and a bottom phase when combinations of both polymers exceed threshold concentrations in a water-rich environment. Physicochemical properties and low interfacial tension of ATPS-forming polymers have enabled the exploration of cell-based applications. In this sense, the encapsulation of cells to one polymer phase has led to cell patterning under defined configurations resulting in different types of 3D cultures using ATPS. Particularly, cell-laden dextran (DEX) droplets with consistent size located over the surface plate with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have given rise to the reproduction of specific microenvironments. The role of the DEX droplet is to function as a mold by maintaining cells confined in close proximity. Moreover, cells can be released by removing polymer solutions and becoming highly compact cell colonies. Therefore, the encapsulation of cancer cells in DEX droplets causes self-assembly and ultimately spheroid formation that display key tumor-specific traits. This work aims to characterize the construction of 3D culture with the encapsulation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in ATPS droplets. Different ATPS-forming polymers and their pH (PEG, DEX, Ficoll, Ucon), ATPS compositions (based on different molecular weights and concentrations), droplet phase volumes (0.5, 1, 2 L), bulk phase volumes (50, 100 L), construction strategies (droplet added, immersed, or covered), and cell densities (5,000 and 10,000 cells/L) were evaluated in 96-well plates. Parameters including the diameter size, morphology, uniformity, and circularity of ATPS droplets and MCF-7 spheroids were analyzed. Additionally, the stability of ATPS droplets and cell viability assays were also considered. The generation of ATPS droplets using phosphate-buffered saline as ATPS solvent was first characterized. Compositions of PEG-DEX resulted in higher uniform ATPS droplets when 1 L DEX droplet was immersed in 50 L PEG bulk phase showing a mid-range diameter size of 1.350.23 mm with a circular shape. Similarly, 1.300.22 mm was obtained in ATPS droplets with DMEM-F12 as ATPS solvent which remained stable for three days. With MCF-7 encapsulation, significant differences in diameter size and circularity of 1 L DEX droplet were observed among the ATPS compositions and construction strategies. During a 24 hr incubation time, MCF-7 spheroids were formed in all PEG-DEX compositions with a diameter size range of 0.10 – 0.65 mm. Higher circularity was associated with low cell density. Higher rates of cell viability were obtained in PEG-DEX with higher molecular weight in a four-day lapse showing tumor microenvironment characteristics compared to 2D control. This work demonstrates practical strategies using basic laboratory equipment for 3D cancer cell models and further high-throughput drug screening platforms.
- Design and control for stabilization and tracking of a tilted-motors hexacopter UAV with cable-suspended payload(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-01-31) Arizaga León, Jorge Manuel; Castañeda Cuevas, Herman; emipsanchez; Alvaro Mendoza, Carlos Enrique; Abaunza González, Hernán; Guerrero Sánchez, María Eusebia; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Castillo García, PedroIn recent years, technological progress has allowed to develop unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) capable of performing challenging trajectories and complex maneuvers related to the transport, handling, or deployment of payloads, as seen in firefighting tasks, package delivery, and in emergencies and natural disaster assistance situations. Multi-rotor type UAVs are attractive for these applications given their weight-carrying capability, however, there are design and control constraints that limit their performance. Typically, this class of vehicles has their rotors arranged in parallel, generating thrust along a fixed axis, which categorizes them as underactuated systems. This represents a limitation when flying in environments subject to disturbances caused by variations in environmental conditions, and even by disturbances associated with the movement of the payload. Moreover, conventional approaches for representing UAV's rotation using Euler angles and rotation matrices have important disadvantages such as gimbal lock, and high computational cost. Regarding the payload transport method, the simplest one is the hanging cable, since it does not require complex mechanisms. However, a suitable control scheme is essential to counteract the oscillations produced by the pendular movement and to guarantee the stability of the payload and the aircraft, even in adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, this work proposes the use of a six-tilted-rotor UAV, which provides full actuation and allows to exert horizontal forces and displace the aircraft without roll or pitch variations. A hanging cable with a suspended payload is considered. To avoid gimbal lock and to obtain a linear representation of the system orientation, it is described by unit quaternions and the axis-angle approach. In addition, given its properties of finite-time convergence, proper control effort management, and robustness against bounded disturbances, the control scheme is based on an adaptive sliding mode class. To reduce payload oscillations, an extended high gain observer is proposed for the position dynamics, which allows us to estimate the state, as well as the external disturbances and those associated with the oscillations, allowing us to improve the controller and counteract the pendulum effects without extra sensors. The proposed methodology is demostrated by a closed-loop stability of the observer-based control scheme, theoretically guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. Then, an emulation environment is developed in MATLAB/Simulink with Simscape Multibody, allowing it to interact graphically and in real-time with the system model. Finally, multiple experiments are deployed with a real hexacopter in different conditions. The results exhibited the capabilities of the vehicle, and of the control scheme, to fly in trajectories subject to perturbations while reducing the oscillations of the payload.
- Fabrication of micro- and milli-fluidic components with photopolymer additive manufacturing—analysis of the effects of material properties and printing parameters(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Torres Alvarez, Dagoberto; Aguirre Soto, Héctor Alán; emipsanchez; Alcalá Rodriguez, Mónica María; López Guajardo, Enrique Alfonso; José Luis López Salinas; Gallo Villanueva, Roberto Carlos; Madadelahi, Masoud; School of Engineering and Sciencies; Campus Monterrey; Morones Ramírez, José RubénTo date, several methods are available for the development of microfluidic platforms. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and glass are three of the most employed materials. Despite their widespread use, there are still limitations in the fabrication of microfluidic devices when complex three-dimensional structures are desired. Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently arisen as an alternative in the creation of microfluidic platforms due to its reproducibility, automatization, and fast prototyping. However, the lack of a well-established protocol in the fabrication of hollow embedded structures and the difficulty in the obtention of channels with a diameter below 500 μm are two of the major drawbacks of this technology. From all the AM technologies, vat photopolymerization (VPP) is preferred for microfluidic applications, due to a xy resolution as small as 20 μm when a LCD screen is used as the light source. In this study, the variables that affect the printing of negative embedded structures were studied in three different VPP printers. Our results showed that printing orientation, channel length, exposure time, and resin viscosity greatly influence the printer's capability to successfully print channels below 500 μm. When all these values are optimized, a commercial resin can reach a channel diameter as low as 420 μm at room temperature and 340 μm at 32°C. Additionally, a relation between polymerization kinetics and the presence of anisotropy was identified, suggesting that fast polymerization limits the crosslinking between layers, decreasing the mechanical properties, such as young’s modulus and maximum stress, when a force is applied perpendicular to the layers. Consequently, a model to predict the lowest achievable channel characteristic length (LPCL) was developed after evaluating six different commercial resins. After a classic Pi Buckingham analysis, it was found that LPCL is a function of the resin’s viscosity, density, surface tension, and contact angle between unpolymerized and polymerized resin. Finally, all the previous knowledge was used in the fabrication of a droplet generator, concluding that reducing the channel diameter of the dispersed aqueous phase is essential to reach droplets with a size comparable to those obtained by PDMS-based microfluidics. We expect that all this knowledge could be utilized as a tool in the development of new resin and printer technology that can compete with conventional fabrication methods.
- Coexistence of trust and distrust in technology: a mobile health monitoring systems comparative case study across time(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-01) Cantú Alejandro, Celeste; Güemes Castorena, David; emipsanchez; Elizondo Noriega, Armando; Smith Cornejo, Neale Ricardo; AGuayo Tpellez, Humberto; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Cortes Capetillo, Azael JesusEmerging technologies challenge organizations by introducing information systems that transform processes and introduce a series of risks and uncertainties for stakeholders. These conditions make trust and distrust important in the adoption and implementation of technology. Most of the trust in Information Systems literature has focused on building the constructs of trust and distrust between an artifact and the final user, but there is a gap in the analysis of changes in trust and distrust beliefs and their possible coexistence across time. This case study illustrates how trust and distrust manifest across a mobile health monitoring system implementation: the attitudes, objects of trust/distrust, and the changes they exhibit across four stages. The results point at the objects of trust/distrust corresponding to the technology frames that shift during the implementation from an artifact-centric to a more encompassing technology involving other users, programmers, and themselves. The actual technology use leads to changes in perceived risks and expectations, which are fed by the interaction of all users with the system. Behaviors are shaped by coexisting trust and distrust in technology beliefs, which usually compensate for the elements of the technology they distrust. The study concludes that the coexistence of trust and distrust in technology is a constantly shifting phenomenon, leading to a complex yet stabilized use of technology.
- Real-time armed individual detection in video surveillance usingdeep learning and heuristic approaches(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Amado Garfias, Alonso Javier; Conant Pablos, Santiago Enrique; emipsanchez; Ortiz bayliss, José Carlos; Tarashima Marín Hugo; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Andrés Eduardo; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis researchaimstoenhancetheautomaticidentificationofarmedindividualsinvideo surveillanceinreal-time.Theproposedmethodologyinvolvesthedevelopmentofalgorithms specifically designedforthedetectionofindividualscarryinghandguns,whichincludepistols and revolvers.Toachievethis,theYOLOv4modelhasbeenselectedtodetectindividuals, handguns, andfaces.Subsequently,real-timeinformationisextractedfromtheYOLOmodel, including boundingboxcoordinates,distances,andintersectionareasbetweenhandgunsand individualswithineachvideoframe.Thisinformationfeedsourheuristicsanddifferentma- chine learning(ML)proposed,facilitatingtherecognitionofarmedindividuals.Severalchal- lenges mustbeaddressed,suchasocclusion,concealedguns,andproximityofindividualsto one another.Itencouragesthedevelopmentandcomparisonofdifferenttypesofsolutions. Theyaremadeupofthreeheuristics,seven-armedpeopledetectors(APD),and44APDto use ineachvideoframe(APD4F). The heuristicsaretheDeterministicMethodofCenters(DMC),theDeterministicMethod of Distances(DMD),andtheDeterministicMethodofIntersections(DMI).Furthermore, the APDmodelsareRandomForestClassifier(RFC-APD),MultilayerPerceptron(MLP- APD), k-Nearest-Neighbors(KNN-APD),SupportVectorMachine(SVM-APD),Logistic Regression(LR-APD),NaiveBayes(NB-APD),andGradientBoostingClassifier(GBC- APD). Thereby,IproposetocreateselectorsfordecidingwhichAPDtouseineachvideo frame (APD4F)toimprovethedetectionresults.Besides,weimplementedtwotypesof APD4Fs, onebasedonaRandomForestClassifier(RFC-APD4F)andanotherinaMultilayer Perceptron (MLP-APD4F).Wedeveloped44APD4FscombiningsubsetsofsixAPDs.The most ofAPD4FoutperformedoftheindependentuseofallAPDs.Amultilayerperceptron- based APD4F,whichcombinesanMLP-APD,aNB-APD,andaLR-APD,presentedthebest performance, achievinganaccuracyof95.84%,arecallof99.28%andanF1scoreof96.07%. This researchalsoproposesasolutiontooptimizetheproblemofdetectingarmedpeople when theweaponisnotvisible.Therefore,weapplyrecurrentneuralnetworks,suchasLong Short TermMemory(LSTM),topredictthecoordinatesoftheguns.Inthisway,itispossible to haveapredictionofarmedpeopleatalltimes.ThemeasurementbetweentheYOLO handgun detectionboundingboxesandtheLSTMpredictionresultedinanIoUof65.23%. When thefirearmdetectionbytheobjectdetectorisinterrupted,theweapon’spositionis generated bytheLSTMmodelsthat,togetherwiththeAPDs,identifythearmedpeople. When theLSTMsdeliveredtheirpredictionstotheAPDs,theNB-APDdemonstratedthe best performance,achievinganaccuracyof80.93%.TheLSTMsallowedtheanalysisof 5,288 recordsofthetestvideothatcouldnotbeanalyzedbeforeduetothelackofknowledge of thegun’sposition.
- Estudio clínico fase I/II-A para evaluar la tolerabilidad, seguridad y eficacia de una formulación de polifenoles contenidos en el extracto de arándano azul en conjunto con omega 3 en paciente con ojo seco y moderado(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05-29) Ng Alemán, Dalia Denisse; Altamirano Vallejo, Juan Carlos; emimmayorquin; Navarro Partida, Jose; Gonzalez de la Rosa, Alejandro; Anaya Prado, Roberto; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Santos Garcia, ArturoLa distribución mundial de la enfermedad de ojo seco (EOS), su prevalencia y potencial daño al epitelio corneal la han convertido en un problema de salud pública; a razón de nuestra exposición a la luz de monitores esta problemática ha aumentado, y la investigación sobre terapias eficaces se ha convertido en una necesidad. Debido al potencial terapéutico sobre el estrés oxidativo del medio ocular, así como para la regulación de la cascada inflamatoria los polifenoles son la propuesta en la investigación enfocada en prevenir o controlar el padecimiento. Desarrollamos un ensayo clínico aleatorizado donde los participantes fueron asignados a uno de cuatro grupos para estudiar el efecto de la formulación oral con polifenoles contra placebo, en ausencia o conjunto con lubricante; realizamos evaluaciones clínicas al inicio y al primer y tercer meses de seguimiento en los que verificamos la seguridad y tolerancia del tratamiento e implementamos pruebas específicas para medir su eficacia. Observamos mejora con significancia estadística en todos los tiempos de evaluación en la prueba de OSDI para ambos grupos de tratamiento (grupo formulación y grupo formulación y lubricante), de igual manera en el tercer mes para la puntuación del tiempo de ruptura del desgarro de la película no invasiva (NIF-BUT) y el tiempo de ruptura promedio no invasivo (NIAvg-BUT), así como en la prueba de Schirmer y tinción de verde lisamina y cálculo de osmolaridad lagrimal. Los grupos placebo no mostraron impacto en la mejora. Concluimos que la formulación oral con polifenoles es eficaz como tratamiento primario, mejora los síntomas de estrés visual y el estado de la película lacrimógena, y en tratamiento conjunto con lubricante es superior a la combinación del placebo y las lágrimas artificiales.
- Synthesis and Characterization of FAPbI3 Perovskite and its Incorporation into a Photovoltaic Heterostructure(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-10) Miró Zárate, Jorge Luis; Elias Espinosa, Miilton Carlos; emimmayorquin; Rosas Meléndez, Samuel Antonio; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; Flores Ruíz, Francisco Javier; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Diliegros Godines, Carolina JananiConsidering the importance of having the α-FAPbI3 as it is the photoactive and functional phase for the use of this perovskite in a solar cell and understanding the growth process by incorporating an additive. In this work, it is presented a methodology that combine a method for deposition called sequential deposition with the incorporation of a pseudo halogen additive NH4SCN at various concentration of moles into the PbI2 solution, in order to have α-FAPbI3 perovskite deposited at open atmosphere. This research focuses on the mechanisms of growth of the FAPbI3 perovskite films over glass with the NH4SCN additive. Subsequently, the incorporation of the FAPbI3 perovskite into a heterostructure is presented. The architecture FAPbI3/ETL/ITO/Glass is presented, where the ETLs used are TiO2 and SnO2. The incorporation of FAPbI3 into a heterostructure allows us to evaluate the perovskite's properties for its photovoltaic application. Based on the outstanding electrical properties, WS2 was incorporated into the heterostructure through interface engineering, forming the heterostructure FAPbI3/WS2/ETL/ITO/Glass. Both architectures are compared in terms of their optoelectronic and morphological properties to determine the best FAPbI3-based heterostructure for improved photovoltaic application.
