Capítulo de libro
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/345352
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- América Latina: ¿el escenario de la confrontación comercial?(Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, 2020-09) Valderrey Villar, Francisco Javier; Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey; Olier Arenas, EduardoEl auge de China tiene importantes implicaciones, entre las que destaca su interés en obtener un reconocimiento apropiado en la arena internacional. El éxito económico se ha extendido también al comercio internacional, aunque su prosperidad ha propiciado un aumento de la rivalidad con Estados Unidos. Este último ostentaba una posición de liderazgo en un sistema mundial unipolar, pero ahora América Latina se está convirtiendo en el escenario idóneo para ese enfrentamiento. Este capítulo se centra en la guerra comercial entre las dos potencias en suelo latinoamericano. Tras la introducción se describen las características del territorio que es objeto de disputa, sus recursos y otros elementos que lo vuelven atractivo para diversos actores. En la siguiente sección se dibuja un panorama de la presencia de China en la región, desde su origen hasta la actualidad. Se estudian su comercio e inversión, así como el impacto de las comunidades de ese origen étnico asentadas en América Latina. Posteriormente, se analizan los posibles escenarios de confrontación y los elementos de fricción. En la última sección se recogen los comentarios finales.
- Algorithms Shaping the Future(Springer, 2020-10-07) Olier Arenas, Eduardo; Valderrey Villar, Francisco Javier; Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey; Park, Seung Ho; Floriani, Dinora; Gonzalez Perez, Maria AlejandraThis chapter discusses the relevance of algorithms in modern society and their role in shaping our future lifestyle. This is a crucial issue to humanity, forced to interact with intelligent machines controlled by powerful algorithms fully capable of commanding people, changing business models, and reshaping society. We may be approaching the point of no return, thus delivering Norbert Wiener’s vision of cybernetics, facilitating the control of human beings. After providing a proper context for comprehension of algorithms and the associated technological improvements, we analyze the elements behind the new digital economy, sharing technical insights about algorithms, before evaluating their major contributing factors to the betterment of our society. Finally, we provide advice to entrepreneurs, managers, and policymakers, and advance ethical concerns before describing our contribution to the overall project of Business 2025: Sustainability and Digital Transformation.
- Innovation that saves lives(2021-02) Montoya Bayardo, Miguel Ángel; Valderrey Villar, Francisco Javier; Tecnologico de Monterrey; Montoya Bayardo, Miguel Ángel; Cuervo Cazurra, ÁlvaroThe quality of health care is one of the issues that highlights the great divide between advanced and less developed societies. In this chapter we present a view of the global healthcare industry, describing key indicators and its many different activities. Then, we look at trends and innovative actions that are shaking the industry, along with the drivers of health care shortly. Afterwards, we present a broad panorama of health care in Latin America. Five exemplary cases serve the purpose of illustrating how companies and individuals are bringing new solutions to the market, thus fostering change and improving the quality of life for many people. Those cases refer to dental services, specialized clinics for diabetes, pharmacies, home care services, and hospitals. We look at the founders of the chosen organizations, scanning the steps taken until the complete success of their proposals. Thus, we drive our quest for those elements of their business models that are suitable to reproduce in emerging nations with similar market conditions. In the end, we present some recommendations for companies of any size that are willing to venture into the healthcare industry in Latin America.
- New Middle Classes in Medium-Income Countries(2021-02) Montoya Bayardo, Miguel Ángel; Valderrey Villar, Francisco Javier; Tecnologico de Monterrey; Montoya Bayardo, Miguel Ángel; Cuervo Cazurra, ÁlvaroThe world is witnessing unparalleled shifts in income distribution. How people with lower income are benefiting from improvements in their standard of living is a well-debated topic in managerial literature, not so much the changes occurring in the middle of the pyramid (MoP). We analyze the advance of that segment of the population across emerging economies, with a comparison of the performance of selected nations across the world. Additionally, we look at how different groups within those societies are moving from the base of the pyramid upward to reach middle-income status. Then, we focus our research on Latin America, looking for those factors that are revamping the business context in the region. First, we study the local consumer, describing the peculiarities of the leading markets, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Afterwards, we look at the positive impact of innovation in the betterment of middle-classes in Latin America. Finally, we share the conclusions from our study, to demonstrate how innovation is a primary factor for the new prosperity of the middle-classes and how original proposals may fit as well into other emerging economies.